Outsourcing HR, How advisable is this move during a recession Dissertation

Outsourcing HR, How advisable is this move during a recession - Dissertation Example However, the change to an outsourced resource for HR functions can be a risky proposition, creating a deficit in employee motivation and morale that can cost in productivity. During an economic recession cycle, the funds to fully integrate a new form of HR service to employees can be limited, thus creating an irreversibility of the decision if new strategies include outsourcing HR in order to cut costs. The sustainability of the company is in jeopardy if all of the circumstances have not been measured for potentials, both negatives and positives and if the risks are at an irreparable level, the company may not survive the transition. While a useful tool for creating a better structure within the organization, when faced as a form of cost cutting during a recession period, the long term risks may negate any savings that could have been realized. Outsourcing HR during a Recession Chapter One: Introduction 1. ... Various business research surveys have shown that as much as 70% of all human resources is now done through outside firms who function as specialists in the area in order to consolidate specialization over several firms, rather than each firm having in-house specialists in this area (Heneman 2002, p. 58). There are numerous benefits to hosting HR services through an outside source. The nature of the savings involved can be seen through improved economies of scales, more flexibility, higher levels of expertise, and higher levels of performance within core competencies (Heneman 2002). However, on the converse side of the discourse on the topic, it is possible that the de-personalization through standardization creates a lowered level of efficiency, thus decreasing overall firm performance. The reasons for outsourcing any part of a firm’s required resources is usually based on financial reasons. The unfortunate problem with firms that exist in a shareholder model of governance is that the abstract, sometimes intangible costs of doing business from the perspective of an owner responsibility based position end up costing the business more in the long run. Short term goals are considered a higher priority than long term in the shareholder model, thus using outsourced HR is a part of this framework. According to Armstrong (2009, p. 93), â€Å"Managements are facing Tom Peters’ (1988) challenge ‘prove it can’t be subcontracted’. The formal policy of a major global manufacturer reads: ‘Manufacture only those items – internal source only those supportive services – that directly contribute to, or help to maintain, our competitive advantage â€Å". This perspective suggests that all concerns that are not directly involved with making money should be outsourced. The

The Play the Crucible is set in New England Essay Example for Free

The Play the Crucible is set in New England Essay A Crucible is a melting pot in which metals are melted together to form a pure metal. Millers characters represent these impure metals from Danforths eyes, as he came to determine Abigails accusations. Miller allows the reader to see how it was believed that the Bible should be interpreted in one way. This belief made sure that if you interpreted the bible wrongly, you would then have to undergo a thorough investigation. But the investigation Danforth underwent, interpreting if Abigails accusations were true or false was not thorough enough as his misinterpretation led to innocent deaths. In the beginning of the play we can already see that the characters are already being put to the test. Betty, Parriss daughter, is not waking up, will you wake, will you open your eyes? Paris saw the girls dancing naked in the woods. This line is significant as it allows Miller to get into the readers mind and makes them think a million thoughts at once. The reader knows that Paris saw the girls dancing, but now he/she is thinking could the dancing have anything to do with her not waking up, is Paris blaming himself for this because he saw what was going on and didnt stop it before the spell was cast on Elizabeth, which is not known at this point of the novel. Miller not only creates a scene but he builds tension with each and every single line. In this scene tension builds as more and more characters get to know that Betty is not waking up. John Proctor, a father of two boys, a farmer in his middle 30s and a man who made a fool feel foolish in his presence, in this case the fool of the novel was Reverend Samuel Parris. Well Proctors character gets toyed around with and tested in act 2 by Elizabeth Proctor his wife. She has never lied but she loves her husband so much that she will lie for him, when she is asked by Danforth if Proctor has ever committed the crime of lechery (adultery), she tells a lie and says no, sir. This tests Elizabeths character by making her do something she has never done (tell a lie). This test proves to the reader that she loves her husband so much that she will go to the extent of do anything for him, even something she has never done before. Why, then, it is not as you told me, Elizabeth proctor toys around with Proctor in the beginning of Act 2, slowly making him admit to her, that he committed lechery (but he doesnt say he does). The toying around with Proctor that Elizabeth did is an excellent test that shows the reader Proctors limits. We know Proctors limit has been reached as he bursts out and tells her she shouldnt judge him I must have mistaken you for God Let you look for the goodness in me, and judge me not. The questioning of Proctor by Hale in Act 2 is a moment in the reader gets proof of Proctor s deep regret for the sin he had committed. You have said that twice, sir, Proctors failure to complete the reciting of the ten commandments is key as it lets the readers imagination loose. This could be interpreted in many ways but it made me think that he was really ashamed of what he had done, as he knew the commandment but didnt want to say it because he was ashamed of it. The questioning of Proctor during this Act allows the reader to get to grips on Proctors character. So in the contrary Miller constantly put his characters through the process of trying to purify them and make them become perfect in Danforths eyes but had a massive turn around in the end of it all and resulted in death, take his shame away, we have seen how much proctor didnt want his name to be spoilt for his children, what more proof is needed to show the reader that this is a man who loved others more than himself and . He refused to sign away his name and decided to die a man with a good name. Nothing could have changed his mind he had decided on keeping his name. Miller may have formed his pure metal but his crucible had a hole in it and this hole allowed some metals to escape so I guess it wasnt fully a pure metal.

Japans Economic Growth and Americas Vulnerability Essay -- Economy

Japan's Economic Growth and America's Vulnerability For years after the end of the second world war, the Japanese suffered from an inferiority complex. This was the result of the American aid to Japan which helped to rebuild their country. Soon the Japanese started producing goods, small stuff at first, like junky toys in the earlier years - but then came better items, much better items. Now it is the Americans that suffer from the inferiority complex, not familiar with being economically vulnerable and not entirely in control of their destinies. Who to blame - the Japanese of course. If Americans can not learn to compete with the Japanese, then there is going to be some serious trouble because the economic problem will not just "go" away. When Japan lost World War II, six million Japanese had to return home from the colonies Japan lost. These people had to be fed, clothed and housed. The outlook for Japan's recovery did not look very hopeful. The Americans had no intention of helping the Japanese, but the communist victory in China changed this, because the Americans wanted to stop the further advance of communism. Americans started to help Japan out by not making them pay reparations for war damages and opened Japanese trade to other countries. The Americans dissolved the powerful family businesses which opened business to more competition and in the countryside, they took land from the landlords and gave it to the tenant farmers. By the time American occupation ended in 1952, Japan had returned to prewar levels of production. With their recovery now ensured, Japan embarked on a period of great economic growth which is growing at a faster rate every day. The Japanese are now at the ... ...may not last. I believe that they can either become more like the Japanese, giving up the lifestyles so grown accustomed to, by working harder for less money, or learn to live with not always being on top of the world economy. It is always hard to change, but sometimes you have to. Bibliography 1. "Cocksure Japan Loses Confidence", Cook,Peter. From the Globe and Mail Newspaper, May 2, 1992 2. "Japan to Rethink Bullish Marketing Abroad", From the Toronto Star, April 27,1992 3. "The Ties that Bind", Territh, Edith. From the Business Community Magazine, September 24, 1992 4. "Japan Hits Hard Times", Hillenbrand, Barry. From Time Magazine, March 23,1992 5. "Japan in the Mind of America", Morrow,Lance. From Time Magazine, February 10, 1992 6. "The Rise of The Global Village", Baldwin Spiran Stuart Cregier. Pages # 188-190 Copyright 1992 ??

Returning to School Essay

Pregnant at seventeen and no foundation of stability, I dropped out of school to prepare to raise my child. I then began to struggle and had a hard time making ends meet, so at that time I got on track to seek help and guidance. I started the process to get enrolled in school but backed out due to finding out at nineteen I was expecting my second child. I finally went back to school and got my GED and graduated my program in summer of 2010. I walked across the stage to receive my diploma carrying my son Joziah Jah’Von (5 months) and holding my daughter Ajiona Amory’s hand (2 years). I was very proud and felt extremely accomplished. The importance returning to school will have on my life is that I will be able to provide a stable life for my children, become successful and self-fulfilled through a career in business, and rise above the negative expectations some people have of me. Being a young mother of two children, I had a rough time finding childcare and being comfortable with strangers caring for my babies. I tried to find work but wasn’t able to find flexible hours. I was at a hard spot in my life. I didn’t know what step to make. I enrolled in cosmetology school and did the best at my classwork and tests but my attendance was poor due to unreliable sitters. I ended up withdrawing from the program to be a mother to my children. Two years later I am now a mother to three intelligent, beautiful, amazing children. I want nothing but the best for them so I’ve decided to make the best move to better our futures and got back on the wagon and got my head back in the books. Returning to school is the best decision I could’ve made for my family. We now have a chance at success and stability. Not having much stability present in my childhood is why I want more for my children. Growing up in a broken home, constantly moving, my mother struggling to make ends meet, and not having happy memories; was miserable. As a child, I always promised myself I’d do whatever it took to make sure my children never had to experience what I did. But I feel I failed my babies, because it has taken me so long to get on track and we have been in a struggle. I am upset that I allowed them to experience not having stability in their lives. But things will now be different. Ajiona Amory, Joziah Jah’Von and Marcella Pamela are my life, my reason for living, my everything and I will give them the best of the best. I am dedicated and devoted to my family; I’ll do whatever it takes to make sure they have the greatest lives I can possibly give them. I want my daughters and my son to be happy and have what they need. I never want to see them wanting or needing anything. My children and I have struggled enough throughout the years, it’s our time to rise above and live the lives we deserve. School will help me to do so and I want stop until they have it all. Education is one of the keys that will open many doors for us. By furthering my education it will help me to get a good job so that I won’t struggle to make ends meet and it will help to keep stability in our lives. With the struggles and lack stability I now am ready to be successful and do what needs to be done for my family. I, Angelique, have always wanted and dreamt of being the successful business type. I’ve always wanted to wear the fancy suits and the sexy heels, while carrying a leather brief case. It’s something I just never stopped wanting, no matter what other careers came my way. Desiring to be successful and have power, respect and money; I knew a good career was the only way. There is no room for trial and error. I got 100 percent devotion and motivation to fulfill my dream get the job I’ve always wanted and I deserve to have. Nothing will stand in my way; I’m on the rise to the top. Majoring in business and management is the start to our new life, new beginnings, new ways and new accomplishments. Finally with striving to have a good professional career and stability, I am ready to prove everyone wrong. I have always had family, friends, and others downing and doubting me, telling me I’ll never amount to nothing nor be a somebody. Not having the support and extra push from the ones that you think love and care for you really take a toll on you in every aspect of life and emotion. But dwelling will hold you back. Yes I have failed myself by not following through with things I have started but I had my reasoning-‘s. I taught myself to take the positive and negative criticism and shift what you can use out and just toss the unnecessary shit aside and keep moving forward. If you sit and ponder on why no wants to see you succeed and why they strive to see you fail, it will eat you alive and stop you from doing what it is that you want to do. It will disable you to be motivated and crush your dreams and dedication. Never let someone reserve space in your mind to the point it stops your life. If they hate they hate. Stand up, smile and strive for the top and don’t stop until you’ve reached it. Prove that you can be who you want to be and that they can’t stop your shine. I as a single mother will keep moving forward and never again let a negative empower me and my life. Indeed, while I have made mistakes, and they pierced my will power to stay motivated these failures also made me work harder to succeed. Being a young mother is very hard and has its ups and downs. But just because I now have major responsibilities on my hands doesn’t mean I won’t be able to travel smooth roads throughout life. I will cross the bumps and dips in life but its normal; everyone goes through it here and there. It now has showed me that it’s okay to fall off the horse a few times but it is most important for me to get up and keep trying until I get it right and succeed. Returning to school was the best choice I could make for not only myself but for my children. Wanting nothing but the best for my family I decided to make the best move to better our futures and got up, got back on the wagon and got my head back in the books. Now having a chance at success and stability, we are happy and anxiously waiting to rise above the negative and evil.

Disability Discrimination In The Work Force

Disability refers to the state in which a person may be physically or even mentally impaired. Impairment may limit a person from performing certain tasks. Disability may either be in form of a terminal disease or physical like the inability to use some parts of the body. People with disability have for quite some time been sidelined especially in the carrying out of public duties. Discrimination has especially been rampant in the working areas and in job markets. There has been believe that physically or mentally challenged persons are unable to perform tasks like the other persons. Another form of discrimination is the racial discrimination.Person subjected to this kind are often thought inferior to their counterparts. This may subject them to rejection in job markets regardless of their qualifications. Despite the many laws relating to the rights of the disabled persons, employment rate is still high rated as current estimates have discovered. The issue of discrimination has raised concern especially with organizations which protects and fights for the disabled human rights. It has been found out that many physically challenged individuals have the capability to perform similar jobs with other persons. They also compete fairly in the job areas.There is thus need to create favorable environment for such individuals. Challenges faced by the disabled persons at work places A study conducted in March 2008 by David Grinberg on job discrimination showed an increase of 9% in a span of five years. Out of this, 14% were disability related discrimination. Job places have been identified as areas where physically and mentally challenged persons are highly discriminated. To begin with, to get a job for these people takes much longer than for their counterparts. Employers are usually prejudiced and end up turning off disabled persons even when they qualify for the jobs.This has led to high levels of unemployment for the disabled persons, (Grinberg & Nazer para. 2). Potent ial employers also site the lack of facilities to accommodate them. They argue that the cost of accommodating them is high which may only mean additional cost to the businesses. They are afraid that the disabled persons may not perform as expected which may lead to a decrease in their output thus profitability. Also most building has not been constructed in a way to accommodate especially the physically challenged persons. This poses a major obstacle even to the potential employers (Grinberg & Nazer para.3).In the jobs however, the situations are not much different for the disabled. They suffer discrimination from they colleagues at work and even sometimes from their employers. This is usually notable by the exclusion they face from the social cliques of other employees. They are also looked down upon and the environment is usually not so conducive for them. They also tend to be segregated from the major activities in their work places. This has led to high turnover for the disabled and even worse a low morale in their work. Promotion for the disabled also comes in hardy in the job areas.Though they perform fairly the same with their counterparts, or even sometimes better as research has discovered, their labor is barely recognized by their employers (Barnes, et al pp. 27). Harassment in job areas for the disabled is also high. For a long time, the disabled have been equaled to beggars. Some employees feel that they are helping the disabled and it’s not really for job purposes. They thus end up threatening them with dismissal with others demanding for special offers from these kind of employees. Harassment has also been seen in the area of granting leaves and in termination.Most disabled persons are rarely granted family leaves and when they do; their allowances are scrapped off (Australian Public Service Commission para. 3). This has led to a cry of justice in the recent past with people calling for enactment of laws to protect the disabled. Ignorance of the rights of the disabled has also led to an increase in harassment behavior in the job areas. The disabled persons are unaware of the set rules which protect them from these practices. Other forms of harassment may include comment or actions aimed at demeaning their subject or conduct meant to intimidate its target person (Barnes, et al pp.34). Sexual harassment on disabled person at work places has also been reported. Employers take advantage of especially the mentally challenged persons to exploit them. This has challenge has been camouflaged by the lack of well coordinated government and welfare associations. The aggrieved parties thus do not know the right channels to use to seek for assistance (Barnes, et al pp. 43). Most mentally disabled person face challenges in the work place because unlike their counterparts, they tend to be slower. The organizations have not set up enabling environment to accommodate them.This has in turn lead to criticism and accuses of laziness. Su ch persons are demoralized as they are led to believe do not measure up to others. Physically challenged individual also find it hard in areas where they are restricted due to their disabilities (Australian Public Service Commission para. 4, 5). Most offices for example have no places for wheeling the wheel chairs making it impossible for these persons. Others affected by office arrangements are the blind. Many organizations lack facilities for them and if they do, they are rarely updated. This makes the disabled to lag behind in matters of technology and information.Most disabled person also requires adjustments in their working hours. This however is not provided in the job places thus posing a major block to this people. There are also few job varieties available for the disabled persons. This leads to high potential of them being under-utilized. This jobs are most often low paying and with low prospect of promotion (Australian Public Service Commission para. 8). Apart from job r elated areas, the disabled are better talented in other areas than their counterparts. However, this potential is always not recognized as they are not included in the organizations out of office activities.Also, whereas the management offers training to the other employees, this is not so with mostly the mentally and visual challenged employees. The management sites high costs for such training thus rendering these employees unproductive and inefficient. For the physically impaired employees, no arrangement is done for them to attend job related seminars. This diminishes their chances of promotions (Daniel pp. 4). Disabled persons also face problems of low esteem at work places. This is because they are led to believe that they are less endowed than their counterparts.This in turn may lead to poor performance which ultimately leads to dismissals. Interpersonal relation between the disabled and the rest is characterized by prejudices from both sides. This leads to formation of unhea lthy social classes thus tension at work places. Many laws have so far been passed regarding the plight of the disabled. The public seem to be ignorant of them; this calls for public awareness and education on how to handle people with disabilities. However, the physically, mentally and visually challenged persons have a role to play to ensure that these practices are done away with in working places (Daniel pp.7).Disability should not be a reason to make one look down his abilities or even allow other to do so. They should work to ensure that all the prejudices surrounding them due to disability are eliminated (Taylor pp. 12, 13). They should also learn to fight for their rights at job places. Disability rights should be well explained to the employers as well as other employees to ensure that such conflict does not arise in job areas. Conclusion The government should ensure that they set up agencies to look into the plight of the disabled persons.These people should also be synthe sized on these matters and encouraged to seek legal actions against a person violating their rights. The employment laws should also be revised to ensure the correct working environment is created and the necessary adjustments are made to accommodate the challenged persons. Employment agencies should also be set up to help link the disabled persons with potential employers. Managers should also be given funding and other support necessary so as to reduce the costs associated with employing the disabled persons (Taylor pp.17).Lack of proper and up to date information to the disabled persons has also been noted as a major drawback at the work areas. The government should ensure that these people are taught relevant and current affairs so as to be competitive enough at their work areas. Organizations should also set measure to ensure that all the employees are well represented in all educational issues. This would help raise the morale of the disabled persons and as well help improve t he inter-relations among all employees.

Coca-Cola India’s Corporate Social Responsibility Strategy Essays

Coca-Cola India’s Corporate Social Responsibility Strategy Essays Coca-Cola India’s Corporate Social Responsibility Strategy Essay Coca-Cola India’s Corporate Social Responsibility Strategy Essay Coca-Cola India’s Corporate Social Responsibility Strategy Name: Course: Instructor: Institution: Date: Coca-Cola India’s Corporate Social Responsibility Strategy 1. What are the challenges faced by Coke in India? In 2003, Coca-Cola faced charges in India, on the claim that its products contained residues of pesticides which passed the global standards limit. These chemicals cause diseases such as birth defects and cancer. This resulted to the ban of the company from India, by the Indian government. Later, after re-entering the Indian market, they faced the challenge on the accusation that they used too much water in making their products. It has also been accused of depleting India’s environment by dumping toxic wastes. These issues have led to the shortage of water in the communities located around the company’s bottling plants. 2. What are the measures that taken by Coke to address these challenges? The company denied the pesticide allegations, stating that they would provide the public with proof and threatened to sue CSE. On the issue of water, it responded by establishing various projects that ensured the recycling of water in these plants. This has been done through rain harvesting, on the claim that the ground water used is recharged back five times. It is also spending millions of dollars investing on its strategy to become water neutral in India. 3. What is the rationale behind Coke’s corporate social measures in India? The company’s corporate social measures on becoming water neutral have received criticism and allegations that the company is investing in covering its image. The company also seeks to win the trust of consumers, in order for their sales to increase. 4. What kind of a strategy did Coke use to respond to its social responsibility problems? The company used a water neutral strategy to respond to its social responsibility problems. After the accusations of water shortages due to the company’s production system, it announced that it was investing on becoming water neutral when producing and manufacturing its products. It also established rain harvesting on various areas in India, where the company’s production units were situated. 5. Do you think that Coke used the CSR initiatives in India as a tool to maintain its sustainability? Or only as a green washing effort? I think the company used the CSR initiatives in India only as a green washing effort. There have been various allegations that the company is investing on brain washing the community, rather than correcting its short comings. Critics complain that the company has not changed its operations, despite its claims on caring for the environment. On its claim that the used is recharged back five times through the rain harvesting project is false. When the company was asked later how it measured this, it said did not have any mechanisms to measure the water recharged. The company also had to be forced to meet its recommendation on the closing the plant in Kala Dera. 6. Does coke’s business model succeed in integrating CSR initiatives in the value charter of the company and How? Coke’s business model has succeeded in integrating CSR initiatives in the value charter of the company. This has been achieved through the company’s various initiatives on the reduction of consumption of water. It has established new production facilities and plants for the treatment of waste water. This includes the water neutral strategy and the rain harvesting projects. The company also ensures that it package bottles are washable and return back to the company, such that they can be recycled. In this, the company has reduced its production. Reference Amit, Srivastava. (2008). Coca-Cola Continues Unethical and Dishonest Practices in India Company Must Follow Recommendations of Company Funded Study: Shut Down Kala Dera Bottling Plant. Retrieved from indiaresource.org/campaigns/coke/2008/kaladeraunethical.html Thompson, A. A., Strickland, A. J., Peteraf, M., Gamble, J. (2012). Crafting and executing strategy: The quest for competitive advantage: concepts and cases. Boston: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.

Subculture Essay Example

Subculture Essay Example Subculture Essay Subculture Essay To start the article, it is necessary to learn thoroughly the meaning of the word culture. From where did this word come? Basically, ‘Culture’ is a word, which means civilization, and where there is a civilization, there is a group of people living together in the form of communities belonging to different castes. Culture is a word derived from the Latin word cultura, which means to cultivate. Cultivation here can be taken in different meanings. However, this does not only mean the cultivation of fertile lands but the real in depth meaning to this meaning is to cultivate a society by forming unity among the people. When we talk about culture, many things are produced from its formation. Not only from this word but the system also rises in the human body that cells make up tissues, tissues make up muscles. The same system is with every innovation of human being. Same as that whenever we talk about culture, after defining it the second thing that comes in the mind is society. Society finds its way from the creation of culture, its norms or mores and traditions. But here the question arises that what do we need to create a better society? Only culture? If only culture, then what is so efficient fact in culture that it is a key to create a society? The answer is very simple.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To create a society it is necessary to create traditions and mores. When we create our traditions and mores, we name it culture. Through the creation of traditions and mores culture come into existence however people believe in their so called man made beliefs and this leads towards the creation of a society. Before society it is a necessary step to discuss some detail about mores and traditions. Tradition too is a Latin word known as traditio. The help of Latin words produc es most of the words of the English language. According to most common definitions of tradition, it is a man made word meaning of beliefs which are created by man. Man made his own limitations, gods, goddesses, religions and traditions. Some restrict themselves in the limitations of their cultures or traditions however many of them use their policy of ignorance towards these beliefs. Besides creating all these laws and traditions, one more thing that arises for the betterment of people are mores. Mores direct the people towards the good deeds and it clears the concept of right and wrong from the minds of people. To establish a society it is necessary to produce new and advanced mores in which there should be a strict law and order and society should be based on the basis of facts, not on those beliefs, which are created by the human beings themselves. Mores can build a society and mores can also play an important role in the destruction of the society. It has been learned that nothing is perfect in this world. Everything has negative and positive aspects., but it depends on our mentality that what we want to do because it is like an example that positive side of a magnet always attract the negative side and the negative one attracts the positive side. It has been proved that people find their ways towards the mores of their own will. When they think enjoying their negative activities, then they have no space for the betterment of the state, country o city in which they reside. However, the main point here is that who is the main culprit behind the creation of such negative aspects in the society? May be it is the society itself who blame their own people when they are doing something wrong. It has been well said, â€Å"Society prepares the crime, and the criminal commits it†. In this phrase some faults of the society have been highlighted as well as the faults of the people also have been highlighted who are so weak by mind in an innovative era that they are making no use of their minds. All of the above statements clarify that it is the society who’s negative and positive affects lead the minds of the people towards destruction. We see many flaws in our society when we observe it closely. Nowadays, with the informat ion boom all blame for corrupting young minds lies heavily on the shoulders of the media. This isn’t so; people don’t get corrupt surfing the net or watching television. These media offer a wide variety of options, so why is it that our youth forgoes the positive aspects of the media and tends to go absorb the negative effects? I feel that our youth is intelligent enough to understand what is good and what is harmful for them. Education, shelter, health, freedom of expression, security of people, democratic norms, and justice are the basis of every civilized society. But unfortunately what we find in our society are lies, illiteracy, poverty and injustice. These negative aspects of society that most people experience force them on to the path of corruption and thus being frustrated by their circumstances they are attracted towards different vices. If we want to develop our nation it is important that our youth are educated and have ample opportunities to channelize their energies in a positive direction. Parents should encourage their child’s creativity and must provide them with opportunities to exercise their individuality in a free environment. This will help children grow into healthy, intelligent beings who understand that they have a right to their ideas but they cannot impose their ideas on someone else. This will breed an atmosphere of tolerance and will provide the country with stability. Besides this, more facilities for sports and recreation must be provided so that the youth don’t waste their time in front of the Internet or television. We must also provide them with jobs so that they become financially stable and must follow merit while doing so, so that the right people get the right jobs. This will give way to more opportunities and clear the way for a better economy, which will give us a better way of life. Men are so inclined to content themselves with what is commonest; the spirit and the senses so easily grow dead to the impressions of the beautiful and perfect, that every one should study, by all methods, to nourish in his mind the faculty of feeling these things. For this reason, one ought every day at least, to hear a little song, read a good poem, see a fine picture, and, if it were possible, to speak a few reasonable words. (â€Å"Learning Commons†) We must also encourage our youth to hold on to their traditions and values. We must move ahead but we must never forget our basis and who we are. Here the parents must tell the children about their traditions and must make sure that even though they move ahead on to the path of innovation they do not forget their culture and identity. In this article I have defined culture, mores traditions and ethical values but not a specific country and its culture. Here, I have taken the UK as a country. The United Kingdom is a part of Europe. But here to know the subculture of the UK, it is necessary to understand what subculture is. Culture is a civilized society of people based on man made mores, ethics traditions and customs. Then what subculture is? How it is created and what are the factors behind its creation? Subculture can be simply defined as different small cultures of different lobbies created in a single culture made by the people. Every lobby is a subculture made by the supporters of the required criteria. However according to web definitions sub culture can be defined as â€Å"A social group with shared characteristics that distinguish it in some way from the larger cultural group or society in which it is embedded. Generally, a subculture is distinguished either by a unifying set of ideas and/or practices (such as the corporate culture or the drug culture) or by some demographic characteristic (such as the adolescent culture or the culture of poverty)†. (Human Diversity in Education) Subculture now has been thoroughly defined but I would clear the European subculture. Subcultures are made from cultures and every subculture has an effect on itself of its own culture. In almost all Western countries even Europe the culture is same. Drinking, nightlife and pre-marital relationships are common in these sorts of countries. Here the people who form their own subcultures take almost every aspect that they think would be helpful in creating their own subcultures. Subcultures have their own classes and kinds. The teenagers create youth subcultures and they are the people who form different subcultures from their traditional culture. Every people in the European society create its own subculture like gays. Gays are considered as a shameful part of the society. So when they feel degraded among other normal people of their society, they thought to gather some of the people of their gay community and created their own gay subculture. In all of this many people like this who feel neglected or the ones who feel that they are given more importance in the society make their groups of the specific name or kind of which they are creating their subcultures. In these subcultures, they are restricted to promote their subcultures and follow all the rules and should abide by the followers of the subculture. Now let us discuss the factors of European sub cultures Drinking, Nightlife, Pubs, Discos, Clubs and other heinous activities such as drugs, smuggling and murdering are a part of European culture. This has been a conflicting situation for the philosophers who study the sub cultures of their nations. In Europe the activities, which are considered vulgar in the third world countries, are the culture of western countries. People of western countries think these actions as a part of their culture but in third world countries, these activities are termed as offensive or improper. The people and youth of the western countries recognize the thinking of these under developed countries as backward but many of them think in an entirely different way. The European countries have become so advanced in the world that in all aspects they do not bear anybody’s comments on the way of their dressing. In contrast, people who live in the Asian Countries don’t like their living style only because of their own culture. They say that people who wear body-revealing clothes and think it as a fashion are wrong because in the Stone Age people did not know how to cover their bodies. They comment that why are we called advanced? What is the reason behind this advancement, which is only leading towards the Stone Age and is so backward that we cannot differentiate between right and wrong? In Europe, teenage drinking is highly neglected by the parents. Teenagers are very bad there. This term or this sentence is very easy to say but no one is ready to understand the factors behind the destruction of these small teenaged kids. All of us know the importance of parents in our life. Parents can create their children on the path of creativity and talent while most of them can destruct their children in a very bad manner. Howsoever, none of the parents want to destruct their children but in the love of money making and their social gatherings they pay no heed to their children and when they get through these destructive subcultures, they are always present to gift a slap to them instead of instructions. This attitude of parents towards their children is not at all neglecting one and they should be punished for not giving correct guidance to their children and when they are fully destructed they go to solve their problems by the means of slaps. Has anybody ever recognized or observed that why teenagers build up their minds towards these subcultures? No, because nobody in this world has the time to guide another person. People who guide the teenagers are so rude that they do not understand instructions and act mi sbehaving. This is not entirely the fault of the youth but the elders who are not there when we are in the nned of strong guidance can only regret this error. Conclusion At last, I would conclude that the rising subcultures in the European or else societies are many times positive while sometimes can be destructive too but this cannot be solved through the slaps and scold. These subcultures are somewhere the reflection of the culture created by the people and which is also highly and strongly abided by them. Then why are they against the creation of their youngsters or their subcultures? This should be cleared that every generation represents the mistakes and is the reflection of the activities done by the people of past. So in that not only teenagers should be scolded instead they should be made to realize how to lead a prosperous life by studying the mistakes of their elders.