Friday, May 31, 2019

Is Gambling Good? Essay -- essays research papers fc

After many years of being confined to Nevada, the gambling industry has started appearing in new locations. Of course, this is expansion is not supported by every cardinal. In some locations, the government allows casinos on Indian reservations and river boat casinos. Certain governments, such as the bow of Nevada, allow gambling in all parts of the subject. Originally, gambling was only legal in Nevada. The new(prenominal) locations are fairly recent and many new(prenominal) local governments are considering legalizing gambling in their cities or states. Gambling is like any different business there are sellers and there are buyers. No one is forced to participate in the transaction, but many people still oppose gambling in their communities. In this paper, I will wrangle why, according to economics, gambling should be legalized and some reasons why gambling has not been legalized everywhere.Many people believe that gambling should be legalized everywhere. It is simply a bus iness. on that point are people that would like to sell gambling services and there are people that would like to buy gambling services. Neither party is losing from the transaction. The casino operators are gaining from the transaction because they would like to make profits, just like any former(a) business. Realistically, the gamblers are most likely losing currency, but they are choosing to risk their money at the casinos. The gamblers are gaining because they would like to gamble and be a part of the casino environment. The gambling market follows the laws of supply and demand, just like every other business market. If the casino owners ask too high of a price for their services, people will not buy them. in that location are always other casinos that people can go to if one casino were to charge higher rates. Casinos must compete with each other just like any other business. Casinos can also be a large source of tax revenue for local governments and it can provide jobs for members of the local communities. According to the Atlanta duty Chronicle, Rob Pitts, the Fulton County Commissioner, believes that gambling could generate more than $200 million a year in tax revenue and add 4,000 jobs in Georgia.There is one type of gambling that is already available in most states - the lottery. This type of gambling is regulated by the government and is accepted by the general public. The state usually pu... ...lth. Its not the panacea that it is presented as.In conclusion, gambling is just like any other business there are buyers and there are sellers. There are potential good points to legalizing gambling, but there are also some drawbacks. The gambling industry can create tax revenue and jobs for local communities, make money for the casino owners, and allow people to gamble safely. However, some people that gamble should probably not be gambling. Casinos outside of Nevada are oft found in poorer cities. Personally, if I had the choice, I would vote agains t gambling in my community. BibliographyArvidson, Erik. State lawmakers remain wary of casinos. 2 Nov. 2003.Berkshire Eagle Online. 2 Nov. 2003.Riverboat Gambling. JobMonkey.com. 07 Dec. 2003.Hoeschen, Brad. Potawatomi courting businesses for casino expansion plan.1 Aug. 1997. The Business Journal. 7 Dec. 2003.Schenke, Jarred. Pitts will ask state to OK gambling. 27 Oct. 2003.Atlanta Business Chronicle. 2 Nov. 2003.Study Poor players return most on Md. lottery. 20 Oct. 2003. The NewsJournal. 2 Nov. 2003.MacQuarrie, Brian. $650m resort, casino plan divides Maine. 12 Oct. 2003.The Boston Globe. 2 Nov. 2003.

Thursday, May 30, 2019

From The Lord To The Devis Hands :: essays research papers

I came to do the Devils work is the ironic and sad truth that man of the cloth John drag onrealizes in Arthur Millers dramatic play, The Crucible. unmatchable can see that Halespersonality changes enormously throughout the play. These changes argon illustrated byHales many statements in the play. The statements in the beginning of the play establishHales firm beliefs and toward the end of the play his rebuff with the outcome of thetrials. Hale is a very intriguing person with many character traits. They must be, theyare weighted with authority. (p. 36) This shows that he is sure of his actions and himself. Another issue that he is sure of is witchcraft. This is shown when he states, The Devil isprecise the marks of his presence are as definite as stone. (p.38) and, Are you gatheringsouls for the Devil?(p. 44). One of Hales character flaws is that he judges byappearances. You look as such a good soul should. (p. 37) and, A claim so weightycannot be argued by a farmer. (p. 99) He claims to be the right-hand man of the Lord, Have no fear now we shall find him out if he has come among us, and I mean to crushhim utterly if he has shown his face. When in reality, his actions and beliefs end withtragic results. Hale believes so strongly in his religion that he is willing to use unjustprocedures to extract the information he wants. He does this when questioning Titubaand John observe. When the Devil comes to you, does he come with another person?mayhap another person in the village? (p. 45) and God put you in his hands to helpcleanse this village. (p. 46) Hale uses these persuading techniques and the authority ofthe church to find and penalise the enemies of the church.In the second act, the audience can actually make a distinction between the morallyweak Reverend Parris and Reverend Hale. When Hale goes to the Proctors house andhears about the accusations, he states, if Rebecca Nurse be tainted, then nothings left tostop the whole green world from burning. (p. 80) Yet, Hale is so religious that he hasdifficulty denying the charges. He even states, until an hour before the Devil fell, Godthought him beautiful in heaven. (p. 68) Hale has a mental conflict here His personalfeelings tell him that a person such as Rebecca couldnt be a witch but his educational activity hastaught him that Rebecca could be possessed by the Devil.

Wednesday, May 29, 2019

Quakerism in Jane Eyre :: Jane Eyre Essays

quakerism in Jane Eyre Quakerism is mentioned many times in Jane Eyre. Beyond the explicit descriptions of Quaker-like appearances or behaviors, many parts of Quaker lifestyle are in like manner used in a less obvious manner in Jane Eyre. Quakerism would have been cognize in the Yorkshire moors where Charlotte Bronte grew up and near where Jane Eyre lived, especially since that is where the religion began (Moglen 19 Barbour and Frost 27). As a more moderate approach to denying the self than Evangelicalism, Quakerism seems to be embraced in the novel. Unlike Mr. Brocklehursts or St. John Rivers philosophy (Bronte 95, 98 ch. 7), Quaker simplicity does not mean asceticism or forbidding earthly joys, though it does mean rejecting indulgence (Barbour and Frost 44). Jane frequently associates herself with the Quakers, more formally known as the Society of Friends, particularly in her clothing and manners. She says of herself, I was myself in my usual Quaker trim, where there was nothing to retouch-all being too close and plain, weave locks included, to admit of disarrangement (160 ch. 14). Later she says she is merely Mr. Rochesters plain, Quakerish governess (287 ch. 24). Simplicity is one of the Quakers testimonies, which included plain clothing of black, brown, or gray (Barbour and Frost 44). Jane wears black for her everyday enclothe and her more formal dress is of gray (151 ch. 13). Even when Mr. Rochester insists on buying her new silk dresses, she persuades him to purchase only black and gray ones (296 ch. 24). Jane resembles the Quakers in more than what she tells us. Her childhood sympathies mirror Quaker teachings. From her earliest childhood, she sees her disposition as passionate, but not vindictive, and not inherently bad, as Mrs. Reed does (64-5, 68-9 ch. 4, 267 ch. 21). The Quakers believe that babies were born innocent and that children contain their innocence until they reached an age of reason (Barbour and Frost 115). The taint from original sin is not embraced by Jane nor by Quaker doctrines. Furthermore, Jane sympathizes early on with the plight of slaves (43 ch. 1, 44, 46 ch. 2). Quakers think slavery is barbaric, cruel, and inhumane, and were one of the first religious sects to denounce it (Barbour and Frost 119). Part of Quaker education is to study the Bible and to learn how to dress and deliver plainly, to control ones temper, to accept moderation in outward desires, and to act with a becoming sobriety of manners (Barbour and Frost 190, 115-6).

Charles Lindbergh Essay -- essays research papers

The flight of Charles A. Lindbergh was actually three phases. The preflight that was step of obtaining the bland, the arrangements of sponsors, and making a mention of land marks. Probably the most important phase out of all was the actual flight from new(a) York to Paris, France. The final phase would consist of a military personnel turning into a hero when he finally reaches Paris. The preflight arrangements for Charles A. Lindbergh&8217s flight began in early 1927. Charles A. Lindbergh presented his proposal to Knight, Bixby, and other St. Louis businesspersons whom were impressed with Lindbergh&8217s confidence and concur to sponsor his flight. Lindbergh had setup a $15,000 budget and $2,000 of which was Lindberghs. A name, the Spirit of St. Louis, was established. Lindbergh was to choose the plane and decide on all other aspects of the proposed flight. According to Lindbergh, a single-engine plane, sooner than a multiengine plane increased the chance of success. His theory was the less weight, the more fuel, the greater range. The experts would say that a solo flight across the Atlantic was hardly suicide. The burden on the pilot was considered too great&8212he would have to stay awake for over thirty hours, enduring constant stresses. Immediately, Lindbergh began searching for the adjust plane at the right price. He contacted a number of aircraft companies. Some did not respond and some turned him down. Things were not looking good for Lindbergh. In early February 1927, the Ryan Airlines Corporation of San Diego, California, had responded within twenty-four hours of receiving Lindbergh&8217s telegram regarding a plane for his proposed transatlantic flight. Yes, they could produce a plane that could fly nonstop from New York to Paris. It would cost $6,000 not including the engine, and would take three months to build. The Ryan figure outers worked on the Spirit of St. Louis morning, noon, and night, seven days a week. Voluntary overtime became a no rmal operating procedure, and work on most other planes had nearly stopped. After meeting with the company&8217s president, they decided to modify an existing Ryan model by outfitting the plane with extra fuel tanks and increasing the wing area, thus would give the plane a maximum range of 4,000 miles, more than enough to reach Paris. In the moving picture to the right, it shows how the main fuel tank in the fro... ...nch flyers were able to get him released, but only after another American had been mistaken for him. Lindbergh&8217s helmet had somehow gotten on the other man&8217s head, and he was being dragged away by the crowd. Charles Lindbergh was insisting that something be done about his plane before he agree to leave the field. He was shocked when he saw the Spirit of St. Louis. The crowds had ripped holes in the fuselage in order to take home souvenirs. What angered him even more was that the navigation log he had kept during his flight had been stolen. Lindbergh slept fo r the next ten hours. In the morning, Lindbergh and the ambassador stood on the balcony and greeted the jubilant crowd that had gathered in front of the embassy. Lindbergh had plan to fly back to the U.S. via Europe, Siberia, Alaska, and Canada, thus completing a trip around the world. However, he reluctantly gave in to pressure from the ambassador to accept President Calvin Coolidge&8217s invitation to return aboard the cruiser USS Memphis. The president presented him with the Distinguished Flying Cross and the Congressional Medal of Honor, and the post office issued an airmail stamp in his honor.

Tuesday, May 28, 2019

The Role of Money and Economic :: essays research papers

Power, education, wealth, poverty, and economic opportunity are all aspects, not the barely aspects, which determine a societies progress and development. Throughout the duration of this class we crap thoroughly examined these aspects and many more through books and movies. Books such as The Republic by Plato, An Enemy of The People by Henrik Isben, The Laughing Sutra by Mark Salzman, and Nickled and Dimed by Barbara Ehrenreich. We have also found these characteristics to be common in movies such as Wag the Dog, Moscow on the Hudson, and Manwate. All of these previously mentioned forms of information have included one or more of the aspects that have either wait on build or helped destroy the society mentioned within the particular book or movie. In the following I will be discussing these certain aspects and how they have had an affect on the outcome of these societies.Platos The Republic is a wonderful example of a society that is built or conditioned to use rough of the best aspects to help form a perfect society. Even though Plato made it a point to not have classes amongst the people determined by how much money they made he still had groups of people that where better then others. Wealth wasnt as big an issue to Plato as skills or education was. He believed wealth was destructive. A person who has wealth will be overcome by greed and not want to throw and work was what his society was based on. Plato didnt use poverty to keep people powerless since in his society money wasnt a very distinguished aspect of success. Keeping people more or less powerful was determined by what class of citizen they were. Classes shaped Platos perfect society. Some were natural to be leaders, others were born to be guardians, and others workers. Opportunity for the economy to progress was Platos whole plan. In other words, Plato molded his society in a charge that they would have and be the best of the best, so economic opportunity was very beta and available. Plato believed that a perfect society can be based on equality but he also believed that there should still be classes of leaders, guardians, and workers.In contrast to The Republic, wealth was so much more important to the society in Enemy of The State. Even though it was said to have equality amongst the people, wealthy people were the main ones who were perceive and allowed to speak out.

The Role of Money and Economic :: essays research papers

Power, education, riches, poverty, and economic opportunity are all aspects, not the only aspects, which determine a societies proficiency and development. Throughout the duration of this class we have thoroughly examined these aspects and many more through books and movies. Books such as The Republic by Plato, An resistance of The People by Henrik Isben, The Laughing Sutra by Mark Salzman, and Nickled and Dimed by Barbara Ehrenreich. We have also found these characteristics to be common in movies such as Wag the Dog, capital of the Russian Federation on the Hudson, and Manwate. All of these previously mentioned works of information have included one or more of the aspects that have either help build or helped obliterate the society mentioned within the particular book or movie. In the following I will be discussing these certain aspects and how they have had an affect on the military issue of these societies.Platos The Republic is a wonderful example of a society that is buil t or conditioned to use some of the trump aspects to help form a perfect society. Even though Plato do it a point to not have classes amongst the batch determined by how much money they made he still had groups of people that where better then others. Wealth wasnt as big an issue to Plato as skills or education was. He believed wealth was destructive. A person who has wealth will be overcome by greed and not want to work and work was what his society was based on. Plato didnt use poverty to keep people powerless since in his society money wasnt a very important aspect of success. Keeping people more or less powerful was determined by what class of citizen they were. Classes shaped Platos perfect society. Some were born to be leaders, others were born to be guardians, and others workers. Opportunity for the economy to progress was Platos whole plan. In other words, Plato molded his society in a way that they would have and be the best of the best, so economic opportunity was very important and available. Plato believed that a perfect society can be based on equality but he also believed that there should still be classes of leaders, guardians, and workers.In contrast to The Republic, wealth was so much more important to the society in Enemy of The State. Even though it was said to have equality amongst the people, wealthy people were the main ones who were heard and allowed to speak out.

Monday, May 27, 2019

Writings by Edgar Allan Poe Insight

Dezzie B. Ligon III 10/30/12 English 5 Mr. Rabot Without Recourse Thesis The act of dying is that of whiley intricate move. It is destined, at times a mystery that is sought, frequently sudden and ill accepted, and recurrently caused by retaliation lacking true justice. Title Conqueror Worm In life lies destiny, in destiny lies oddment. The song Conqueror Worm by Edgar Allan Poe exemplifies this fact by portraying man as a tragedy and a turn as the hero.The song is set as a play with a plot telling of sin, madness, and horror. The angels be the audience members, man is shown as mimes that fly around as mere puppets, and the worm Conqueror Worm surfaces at the approaching of the play and follow ups said mimes. After the curtains fall the angels then confirm that the play is the tragedy Man, and its hero the Conqueror Worm. The opus of this poem is conveyed to the reader in the quote The mimes become its food. The meaning of this is that in the end, all of man is desti ned to die and become worm food.His use of wording in the choosing of the word become instead of a word such as are tells the reader that man is not born as worm food, but as destiny catches up they willing inevitably succumb to such a fate. Additionally, although the Conqueror Worm is the collection of all worms that ultimately devour mans bodies, it is as well as the soma of finale itself. Surprisingly, Poe uses this embodiment of death as the protagonist of the story. This then creates the conflict of Man vs. Death, or more plainly Character vs. Nature. Man is the Character while Death is Nature. Sadly, in such a conflict Nature always prevails.This conflict thus gives more jump out to the idea that death is but the destiny of man. This ending destiny is too shown in the quote Out-out are the light-out all in which after the arrival of the writhing worm nothing but darkness remains. Mans mortality will always plague itself because there is only one thing man is meant to do. That is the everlasting fate of becoming nothing but worm food. Title Ms. Found in a Bottle In death lies mystery, in mystery lies those who seek answers. The short story Ms. Found in a Bottle by Edgar Allan Poe illustrates this idea through the intricate retelling of the final moments of a mans life.The story is told through first person view by an unnamed narrator. The narrator originally sets sail from Java on a ship headed to the Sunda Islands hitherto the trip is ruined by a storm that kills all crew members except for him and an old swede. Though they are alive, there ship is swept in the south by a whirlpool for 5 days before a black ships appears and collides with his ship. The narrator is thus thrown onto the new ship where he comes into fit with very ancient looking crew members who do not acknowledge his presence. Eventually he overcomes his despair and eagerly awaits the discovery of the most southern parts of the world.Sadly, before reaching their final destinati on the ice parts revealing a giant whirlpool that sinks the very large black ship. The underlying theme of the story is conveyed in the quote I presume, utterly impossible yet a curiosity to penetrate the mysteries of these awful regions, predominates even over my despair in which the narrator tells the reader that his yearning for answers to the mysteries of the unchartered region stands preceding(prenominal) his actual fear of death. However, the unexplored region isnt actually that of the south.The south is just an embodiment of the realm of the dead and the curiosity the narrator feels is for the mystery of the inevitable death. The whirlpool that takes him and the ancient crew mates to such a realm is a type used by Poe to depict a doorway to an unknown place. This is a perfect symbol because the whirlpool only brings things down into the depths, the depths of the underworld itself. Additionally, the wanting of answers is also portrayed in the statement It is evident that we are hurrying onwards to some exciting knowledge-some never-to-be imparted secret, whose attainment in destruction.Here it is obvious that the knowledge they are seeking is that of death, death being that which leads to destruction of oneself. The ancient crew members he set final voyage with have the appearance _or_ semblanceed quite peculiar. It was as if they were on the brink of death but holding out for a sole reason. Right before the whirlpool hits it is said but there is upon their countenances an expression more of the eagerness of rely than of the apathy of despair. The ancient ship mates seem to know of what is to come and smile because now they can truly find the answers they sought.To both them and eventually the narrator, death is something they seek because the mysteries of the realm of the dead are to interesting to be left unanswered. Title Annabel Lee In death lies abruptness, in abruptness lies ill acceptance. The poem Annabel Lee by Edgar Allan Poe exemplifies t his idea through the poetic telling of the death of a young boys loved one. Annabel Lee, who long ago lived in a kingdom by the sea, loved the narrator however she was abruptly killed by a idle words that chilled her.The narrator mad with love approximation that the Angels had envied their love and conspired with nature to send said wreathe that killed her. According to the narrator, their love was too strong to be severed by the Angels in heaven above or the demons down under the sea. He is reminded of Annabel Lee by everything, For the moon never beams, without bringing me dreams of Annabel Lee, and at night he lies by her tomb by the sea. The theme of the poem is conveyed in the lines With a love that the winged seraphs of heaven coveted her and me.And this was the reason that, long ago A wind blew out of a cloud, chilling my beautiful Annabel Lee. Here depicts the idea that when one suddenly dies someone else tends to have a hard time judge their death and instead places bla me on things which blame cannot logically be placed. The narrator, along with many other people in real life, has trouble judge the death of someone he loved so strongly. Thus, he seeks to blame the Angels or more specifically but only through inference, God. The angels went envying her and me-Yes that was the reason that the wind came killing my Annabel Lee. Once again, the ill acceptance of the sudden death of his loved one is shown by him still ludicrously placing blame on angels controlling the winds. This unbroken condemnation of the Angels then creates a small Character vs. Nature conflict in which the narrator-being the character-just isnt fully able to accept this sudden death caused by Nature. We all know death is inevitable, however, when it rears its ugly fangs and causes a late death of someone we care about, we lack the capability of complete acceptance.Title The Cask of Amontillado In death lies strike back, in revenge lies injustice. The short story The Cask of Am ontillado portrays this idea through the recount of a vengeful plot devised by the narrator Montresor. At its rootage it is shown that Montresor held a grudge against Fortunato. Montresor says when he ventured upon insult, I vowed revenge. Fortunatos insult is unknown but to the narrator it is quite serious. He then with the use of mouse psychology, tricks Fortunato into becoming intoxicated and into a niche hidden deep within the Montresor catacombs.Montresor then easily overcomes the drunken Fortunato and chains him within the niche. To finish his plot of revenge he walls Fortunato into his newfound tomb. The underlying theme of the story is conveyed in the quote I hastened to make an end of my job. At first glance it would seem this is simply referring to Montresor and his completion of his makeshift wall, but it has a much stronger hidden meaning. The use of the word end refers to the sentence given to the convicted and the use of the word labor is that of the arduous take of being jury, judge, and executioner.Montresor, driven by vengeance, creates his own untrue law and condemns the accused to a penalty not of death but that which will inevitably lead to such a fate. This odd sentence of Fortunato by Montresor can also be originally seen in the line I mustiness not only punish, but punish with impunity. Here Montresor says he has to punish him, but in a paradoxical way punish him without punishing him. This is therefore what Montresor tried to do by locking him away, but letting him live.However, the idea of punishment with impunity is ludicrous because it is not possible. In reality, Montresor did punish him thus being other reason why vengeance is of untrue justice and law. Poe, making Montresor the protagonist, even though he is indeed doing evil deeds also supports the idea of vengeance without true law. When vengeance causes death, or like here when vengeance speeds up the ever turning wheel of the inevitable, it is not possible for justice to be uninvolved. However, it is also impossible for true and good justice to be associated as well.

Sunday, May 26, 2019

We All Fall Down

Cormier is able to keep the reviewer engaged and interested through with(predicate)out the novel, whilst exploring important social issues through a variety of write up techniques. We all fall cumulus centres on the story of four teenagers who vandalise a house and the effects after the trashing that not totally have on the victims but also the trashers themselves, thus Comier is successful in creating a successful novel. Throughout the novel we observe the affect the hooliganism has had on Jane Jerome. Through the use of shifting narrative perspective, Cormier allows us the view her thoughts and reactions to the trashing.After the trashing we learn that Jane used to love it here living in Arbour Lane, even so the effects of the trashing have left Jane feeling Ashamed wanting to hide somewhere, as if she had done something wrong not the culprits, not the invaders. The use of shifting narrative perspective shows that as a result of the trashing, everything changes for Jane, mak ing the reader feel sympathetic and upset for Jane. The reader is drawn into the world of the We all fall down, interested and impelled to find out how Jane is going to get on with her life with the memories of the trashing, still very fresh in her mind.Through the highlighted techniques, Cormier has written an interesting novel, that challenges the reader to think beyond the page and explore issues that could be in their lives. We all fall down maintains and engages the readers interest throughout not only because of the readers expectations of the thriller genre with conflict and tension, but also because Cormier confronts the reader with compelling ideas which challenge and entertain the reader.

Saturday, May 25, 2019

The Barbarian Nurseries

Immigration to the United States of America has been monumental in the development of this great nation. In two The risky Nurseries, written by Hector Tobar, and Summer of the macroscopical Bachi, written by Naomi Hirahara, are centered around two characters that once move to America from a foreign land, in hopes to have the American dream, the traditional social ideals of the United States, such as equality, democracy, and material prosperity. Both of the characters work in laborious fields and undergo scrutiny and interrogation of underprivileged circumstances that were out of their control.The strain that is put on immigrants from other countries is prominent in two(prenominal) of these captivating novels. In The Barbarian Nurseries, the main character, Araceli, is the one that holds the Torres-Thompson household together, just as she holds this novel together. Araceli came to California after dropping out of art discipline in Mexico and moved to California and now lives i n the familys guesthouse. She does everything for the family everything from keeping ants at bay by drawing a line of chalk on the kitchen floors to feeding and caring for the Torres-Thompson children.To Maureen and Scott, the householders who Araceli works for, she is unfamiliar and difficult to understand. Yet to the reader, she is the understandable and recognizable hard working char trying to support her family the best she can. Araceli takes self-exaltation in her work she sends a portion of the money she earns home to her family. Since she cannot tell her employers how she truly feels about them, her actions and body language convey a message to the reader. For example, at a party, Araceli makes a dish in the colors of the Mexican flag, subtly expressing who she is.Throughout the novel you see the struggle that Araceli goes through within herself. She frequently has internal dialog that is a mix of English phrasing and Spanish language. Tobar uses this technique to demonstr ate the struggle that is going on within her she is caught between two worlds. Similar to The Barbarian Nurseries main character, Araceli, the novel Summer of the Big Bachi, is centered around a character that has moved to California from Japan. Mas Arai, the main character of the Summer of the Big Bachi, is a 74 year old gardener in living in Pasadena California. This man as been has seen significant struggles in his life everything from surviving the bombing of Hiroshima to the exhalation of his wife. Now his career as a gardener is beginning to diminish. At the height of Mass career, he had half a dozen of these customers. Hollywood doctors, actors, freehand businessmen. But now there was only one. Mrs. Witt, (Hirahara 40). With the dwindling of his career along with the struggles of his life, all Mas wants is to live the American Dream. With everything that is going on presently in his life, the stopping flush thing that he needs is for past circumstances to arise but that i s exactly what happens.Mas finds himself unveiling a mystery of his past. The main character of Summer of the Big Bachi, finds himself in a predicament that threatens the well world of his own life. A long kept secret and his fear of bachi, the spirit of retribution, are awoken when a stranger approaches him. He begins asking him disturbing questions about someone from Mas distant past, sending Mas on an urgent search for long-buried truths. Once the truths had been revealed Mas has an internal struggle, much the uniforms of Araceli from The Barbarian Nurseries for instance, Mas couldve demonicd wishbone for not keeping his big mouth shut, or yelled at Mr.Ryan for being ruled by a woman and not honoring a promise made between two men. He couldve berated Chizuko and Mari for their sniveling, which made him delay a decision on a cheeseparing deal. But when you came right down to it, it had everything to do with bachi and Joji Haneda (Hirahara 136). This passage goes into detail the battle that Mas is going through during this period of his life. Just as Araceli had an internal struggle with specify who she was, he is trying to understand the best route for his situation.Araceli not only goes through internal battles she also battles the justice system because of the mistakes of others. When a brutal line of work between Scott and Maureen becomes heated and violent, the children are left in the care of Araceli. She struggles with what to do with the children. Her struggle with this begins when, She stood with her arms folded and looked down the street, hoping to see el senor Scotts car overture around the corner, but the vista never changed from the blank-page seep of wide roadways. Hes not coming home either,(Tobar 132-133).It is at this point that Araceli realizes that she has been left in care of the Torres-Thompson children. She ends up trying to take them to their grandfathers house which ends up backfiring on her. Each of these stories has similar end ings in that they both have controlling outcomes for Araceli and Mas. In The Barbarian Nurseries, Araceli is goes through the court process, but because she is an illegal worker, there are added on difficulties with her court case. For example, there had been letters written such as this, Araceli N.Ramirez should be arrested and deported no matter what the outcome of the criminal proceedings the County undertakes against her. Illegal Mexican labor lowers wages while demanding entitlementsNot to mention they breed like theres no tomorrow, regardless of whether they can support their children because they know the state will subsidize them (Tobar 325). Similarly in the Summer of the Big Bachi, Mas finds him being the easiest person to blame, for instance he tells Yuki, I have a bad feeling about this. Real bad feeling. The police need someone to blame.They king cut a deal with the Japanese government, and I may be tried over there (Hirahara 29). Both of these characters undergo stru ggles of being the easiest person to blame in the justice system and are attacked because of that, even though they werent the problem. However in the end, Mas ends up saving his friends and providing the escape they were searching for and Araceli was let go and makes it to the desert with Filipe. Immigrants are people that move to a country or region to which they are not native in order to settle there.In both The Barbarian Nurseries, written by Hector Tobar, and Summer of the Big Bachi, written by Naomi Hirahara, are centered around two characters that at one point moved to America in hopes to have the American dream. Both of the characters work in California and undergo struggles in their careers as was as in the unfortunate interrogation of the American legal system. Despite the strain that is put on the two individuals, Araceli and Mas, they overcome the struggles, and in the end are victorious in the trials and tribulations they both faced throughout the enticing novels, The Barbarian Nurseries, and Summer of the Big Bachi.

Friday, May 24, 2019

Flag of the United States and U.s. Car Maker Essay

1. In your opinion, what were the most fundamental design considerations for BMW when redesigning the mini for the U.S. car foodstuff?As for U.S. car maker, the maiden place that they should redesign the image and the style of the BMW. As to suit the commercialize, BMW should make the car a little larger add some modern bits intimate of the car. As I know, they highlighted the British theme by adding extras like the flag on the roof, therefore, as for the U.S. car maker, they also can add the extras like American flag on the roof, and even they can design the car cover of the American flag.2. What would be the most important benefits to design into this car for the targeted market segment(s)? The targeted market segments for Mini ar people who are 24-32, young white-collar, urban professionals who owned their first car, which is adventurous, extraverted and car for personal users.As we know the Minis target market are people who are 24-32 years old, who just graduate from unive rsity or have their first job. Therefore, the social media is very important to them. Company can insert the social app like Twitter and Facebook to and Web Radio to the car, which you can receive the status updates and tune into online radio stations via iphone and to get word to them in Mini. Create a Mini website which let car owner customize their own outfits of the car.3. What would be the key points of handling between design and some other functional areas within BMW in order to deliver a car with the desired benefits?As my point of view, between design and functional areas, the key points of discussion are cost, environmental problems and honest sheers. In order to deliver a car with the desired benefits, company should consider about the cost of product. Even though the design may increase the sales, notwithstanding reasonable cost will determined by the management of company. In addition, increasingly people pay precaution to the environmental problem, except build a designable car with other functions, company also should take care of the environment, such as the emission issue. As for ethical issue, when find out the small pitfall of a BMW, company should recall it immediately, cannot do like Ford Companys Pinto case, should assume the responsibility.4. More broadly, when a car such as the Beetle or Thunderbird is redesigned or given a facelift for the modern car buyer, what are the design pitfalls and concerns, and specifically, what kind of market research should be conducted to ensure that the pitfalls are avoided?When a car such as the Beetle or Thunderbird is redesigned for the modern car buyers, the most concerned issue is safety. Some of the redesigns want to satisfy the demands of consumers, however ignore the safety issues. In my opinion, the Primary research is research that design and conduct by ourselves. Several tools are available to the market researchere.g., mail questionnaires, phone surveys, observation, and focus groups. R esearch will often help us reduce risks associated with a new product, but it cannot take the risk away entirely. It is also important to ascertain whether the research has been complete.

Thursday, May 23, 2019

Senior Seminar Research Proposal

Introduction forensic entomology is utilize to crack such crimes as murder, suicide, and other criminal acts by examining various insects instead of using tender tissues. This forensic tool is used to jog the postmortem interval of a corpse and the cause of ending of a corpse when all other forms of clement being evidence (human product line, tissues, hair, etc. ) atomic number 18 not largess at the scene. forensic entomologists prefer using insects to determine these factors of death because the insects produce similar results as human examen materials such as human blood or tissues which yield the best uninflected results for the forensic entomologist.The use of forensic entomologic evidence has been recognised and used in many courts around the world (Anderson, 1999). The use of this tool in court cigarette support or refute a funnys alibi and improves the criminal investigation against the suspect (Anderson, 1999). Even though forensic entomology is an efficient too l to use in criminal investigations in that respect ar some drawbacks to this analytical tool. much(prenominal) disadvantages include improper collection of entomological evidence and improper analysis of insects after collection, resulting in incorrect entomological results and a possible false conviction of a suspect.The proposed enquiry of this paper focused on insects being touch by incompatible stringencys of grain alcohol during cancel insect development and also focused on the detection of neutral spirits in insects using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) to determine if insects were significantly affected by ethanol exposure. The research also focused on the exposure of ethanol to the insects and how this exposure affected PMI (postmortem interval) determination. Forensic entomology is a commonly used tool to determine cause and time of death by examining various characteristics of insects that are collected at the crime scene.Such characteristics include s ize of the insect(s) and the career motorcycle stage of the insect collected. Forensic entomology becomes the most accu come out and sometimes the only tool available for ascertain time of death, especially after 72 hours (Anderson and caravanLaerhoven, 1996). Forensic entomology can also determine if a dead body has been moved from place to place, determine where the death occurred, determine the charge of various types of drugs and toxins present (if any), wound location, and determine who the suspect and victim are due to the presence of certain insects on the body (Grisales, et al. 2010). Background/Literature Review There are five levels of decline identified by a forensic entomologist when conducting an entomological investigation which include fresh, bloated, active, advanced, and remains (Grisales, et al. , 2010). These stages of radioactive decay are important to a forensic entomologist because insects appear on a corpse periodically throughout the decomposition cycl e which on that pointfore determines the time of death of a corpse. During these levels of decomposition insects begin to reach the corpse either by vaporizeing (adult wing) or by burrowing through the ground (pupae).Some insects can also reach the corpse by hatching from eggs (larvae) that were laid on the corpse after death. The fresh stage of decomposition involves a drop in body temperature and the appearance of genuinely few flies on the corpse. The insects that are collected are typically larvae and are collected from the mouth of the corpse. The bloated stage of decomposition involves a significant augment in the body weight of a corpse due to rainfall exposure. The insects that are collected at this stage of decomposition are larvae found on the back, head, ears, and anus of the corpse (Grisales, et al. 2010). The active decay stage of decomposition involves fly larvae feeding on a corpse which significantly lowers the body weight of the corpse and an change magnitude amount of fly larvae found in the intestines/ organs of the corpse (Grisales, et al. , 2010). The advanced stage of decomposition involves the fluctuation of body temperature depending on the location of the corpse and an pull down bigger decrease in body weight due to increased consumption of body tissues by fly larvae (Grisales, et al. , 2010).There is an increase in adult flies that are collected at this stage of decomposition. In the last stage of decomposition, remains, there is no continued change of the corpse and the presence of insects found decreases (Grisales, et al. , 2010). The stages of decomposition and the insects present at these stages are also used to determine the postmortem interval (PMI) of a corpse. PMI, or postmortem interval, provides important detail of situations that occurred before time of death in cases of homicide and untimely death (Byrd and Castner, 2001).Arthropods that are found on the corpse can determine the length of egg to fly transformation indeed to the recovered developmental stage (Gennard, 2007). The best arthropods to use are the oldest ones that were yielded from eggs when the larvae were first deposited on the corpse because they select the longest feeding time on the corpse which allows them to fully develop and retain any evidence from the corpse much longer this go a focussing produce a more accu number PMI. Such information can help to identify both the criminal and the victim by eliminating the suspects and connecting the deceased with other individuals.The predictable physical and chemical consequences of death are usually the most reliable PMI indicators, which means knowing what an insect should look like at which developmental level to determine when a dead body became a corpse (Henssge et al. 1995). PMI is also associated with the succession rate of various insects which is another tool that is used to determine the time of death of a corpse. The succession rate includes information about the time el apsed between death and the presence of a particular arthropod or insect species and stage (Byrd and Castner, 2010).A dead body entrust go through very recognizable decomposition stages (physical, biological, and chemical changes) that attract various types of arthropods in each decomposition stage that are needed to determine the succession rate (Monthei, 2009). The most common succession rate estimated by an investigator is the age of larvae and the time interval between death and the arrival of larvae on the corpse (Byrd and Castner, 2010). The knowledge of what insects are supposed to be present and absent based on the season also helps to determine PMI.Calculation of PMI involves five different arthropod life stages (eggs, larvae, pupae, adult, and carcass) for flies when collecting insects from corpses. The egg stage of the fly is characterized by the laying of between 150-200 eggs, with the exception of some flies lying between 2000-3000 eggs, found on the body in cluster fo rm within areas that provide protection, moisture, and food (Gennard, 2007). Fly eggs are typically shiny and white the eggs have a similar appearance to that of a grain of rice.The reason for detail placement of eggs on a decomposing body is the fact that the body contains a high quality of nutrients which are used as a feeding source for the fly eggs to grow, as well as the influence of emergence on other species of insects that feed on the decomposing body. The larval stage of the fly species is characterized into three stages (L1, L2, and L3) which correspond to the number of slits present on the backs of the larvae (Gennard, 2007). These slits are used by entomologists to determine what stage of life the larvae are in when collected.In the third larval stage, where larvae are the largest, the larvae stop feeding on the corpse and begin looking for a place to begin pupariation. Pupariation is the final stage of development in metamorphosis into the adult stage and is full gen erally called the larval post-feeding stage (Gennard, 2007). Pupariation typically doesnt bump off place on the corpse because insects in this stage prefer to be in a cool, dark place or underground, if possible. In some instances of fly larvae in pupariation, the insects were shown to pupate on the corpse.The adult stage, or the end of the life cycle, is initiated by the arthropod pushing itself out of the puparium case and once the adult fly is step down from the puparium case, the insects make their journey upward through the soil. Once the adult fly has reached the top of the soil the insects release their waste and expand their wings to make their way to other corpses or decomposing material. The adult stage may be the final stage of the life cycle but the carcass of these adult flies can also be collected as evidence along leave behind the carcasses of arthropods in each life stage.Entomotoxicology Entomotoxicology is the analysis of insects and insect remains for the pres ence of toxins that may have been present in the corpse before death (Goff and Lord, 1994). Detection of various toxins and controlled substances in insects found on decomposing human remains has contributed to the determination of both cause and manner of death by determining what times of toxins were present in the corpse before death (Lord 1990, Goff and Lord 1994, Nolte et al. , 1992).Entomotoxicology also serves as an choice analysis tool to determine the presence of toxins or cause of death when certain specimens arent available for collection, such as human blood or tissues. The toxicological analysis of insect biological materials is conducted in the same manner as the toxicological analysis of human biological materials, making cause of death determination more accurate (Definis- Gojanovic, 2007). Many different species of arthropods, such as flesh flies and blowflies, are used when conducting an entomotoxicological analysis and these arthropods are used to determine the PM I or time before death.The use of entomotoxicology has many advantages, which includes determination of time before death (PMI) and identification of suspect, but this analytical tool also has some(prenominal) disadvantages. One disadvantage includes the issue of recording the exact temperature of the insects because if the information is incorrect thusly the outcome of the PMI will also be incorrect. Another disadvantage of this analytical tool is the fact that it is fairly new in the forensic science field so if an individual isnt educated on how to use the proficiency then valuable entomological evidence related to the case may be lost.Lastly, if proper collection of entomological evidence isnt conducted properly, the loss of super important evidence relating to time of death and cause of death could be lost. Cause of death is usually determined by various types of toxins that are detected in the insect after an entomotoxicological analysis was conducted. Issues with Determin ation of PMI The determination of PMI can be affected by multiple factors but only two will be discussed in this research proposal which include temperature and ethanol. Temperature involves the rise or fall of temperature to such a high or low that affects the development or succession rate of insects.Air temperature and exposure to sunlight will raise the corpse temperature which will also increase the insect succession rate. Temperature can also be influenced by such weather conditions as rain, sun, snow, and wind which can greatly affect the amount of entomological evidence collected (insects) and the outcome of a sub judice investigation (Sharanowski et al. , 2008). Alcohol, or ethanol, is one of the oldest abused drugs in the world that is readily available and the most commonly abused drug in Western societies (Stripp, 2007).Ethanol is a product of fermentation due to yeast cells acting on sugars from fruits and grains that produces a clear, volatile liquid that is soluble i n water (Stripp, 2007). Once ethanol enters the blood stream orally it travels in the blood into other tissues. The ethanol travels to tissues with greater water content because these tissues will receive greater ethanol distribution. The ethanol concentration will be different in both the corpse and the insects due to the different water amounts found in each species (insects and corpse).The rate at which ethanol is eliminated from the body is another important factor to a forensic entomologist because this can determine the time at which the individual started drinking. The focus of this experiment will involve different concentration levels of ethanol and the effects on the growth rate of the fly species Sarophagidae (flesh flies). Proposed Research The broad, long-term objectives that this research paper is focused on determining whether ethanol can affect the growth rate of entomological evidence and how much ethanol can be detected in the insects.This research is also being co nducted in an attempt to make a comparison to the other research experiments to see if the results concerning growth rate of insects exposed to such drugs as morphine or heroin are similar or different to the growth rate results of insects exposed to ethanol. This research paper includes four specific aims that was completed as a way to make the broad objective a more manageable piece that could was easier to manipulate. Specific aim one included determining whether ethanol could be found in both test fly species after feeding on the ethanol infused beef liver.Specific aim two compound determining which concentrations of ethanol produced the most significant changes in the flies. Specific aim three involved tracking the growth rate of the fly species that were exposed to the ethanol infused beef livers (test subjects) and those who were not (control). Specific aim four involved observing any change in the growth rate data from the fly species test subjects that were exposed to thr ee specific concentrations of ethanol. These specific aims will be used in sequential order as a way of getting nestled to solving the broad objective. Experimental Methods OverviewThe research experiment hypothesized there would be significant changes in the growth rate of the fly species when exposed to the three specific concentrations of ethanol. The research experiment also predicted that there would be obvious physical changes in the flies when exposed to beef livers infused with specific concentrations of ethanol at different stages of life. The experimental design constructed for this experiment involves the fly species Sarophagidae (flesh flies) feeding on beef livers infused with ethanol over a period of eight to twenty-one days which is the general life cycle for flesh flies.The three beef livers had varying concentrations of ethanol (25 ug, 50 ug, and 100 ug) injected into them that the flesh flies were exposed to. The control root for the experiment was hand massaged with deionized water as a way to keep liquid consistency amongst the groups. At the end of the experiment, the insects were collected into a test tube and then exposed to GCMS or gas chromatography mass spectrometry in an attempt to determine the presence of ethanol in the test subject (insects). The insects were also analyze for any type of stunted or heightened growth in regards to a normal fly life cycle.This analytical test was able to show that there was ethanol present in the fly species. Experimental Variables The in aquiline variable in this experiment is the specific concentration of ethanol that is distributed amongst the three beef livers. The dependent variable in this experiment is the growth rate of both species after exposure to ethanol as well as the specific ethanol concentrations. The controlled group was the fly larvae that were not exposed to ethanol. The other controlled variables of this experiment were the 45 degrees Farenheit (temperature) the beef livers we re maintained at and the amount of beef used (8 oz. as the feeding substratum for the fly species. The experimental groups in this experiment were three larvae groups exposed to ethanol and the control group was a larvae group not exposed to ethanol. Procedures/ Measurements The following experimental design was adapted from a previous research study conducted by George et al. , 2009. Three beef livers weighing 8 oz. each were prepared using the same ethanol concentrations for the three experimental groups of the fly species tested (Experimental Group Two- 25 ug, Experimental Group Three- 50 ug, and Experimental Group Four- 100 ug). 0 mL of deionized water was distributed equally into the control group (EG 1) to maintain liquid consistency amongst all groups. A cluster of fly larvae for the three experimental groups was collected and distributed evenly amongst the three experimental groups (2-4) as well as the control group. The beef livers were contained in a small plastic tub an d refrigerated at a temperature of 45 degrees Farenheit when the beef livers were not being used to discourage spoiling of beef liver as well as to avoid evaporation of ethanol.The growth rate of the test subjects from both fly species exposed to ethanol is measured (any alteration in growth rate is the factor that is being measured) over a period of three weeks. At the end of three weeks, or longer if necessary, all of the perished insects from the experiment were collected for analysis using GCMS (gas chromatography mass spectrometry) to determine the presence or absence of ethanol in the insects. Material List Deionized water Ethanol solution Fly larvae of Sarophagidae (flesh flies)Four beef livers (8 oz. each) Graduated cylinder GCMS machine Microscope pipet Plastic tubs Refrigerator References Anderson, G. S. (1999). Wildlife Forensic Entomology Determining Time of Death in Two Illegally Killed Black Bear Cubs. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 44(4) 856-859 Anderson, G. S. and Van Laerhoven, S. L. (1996). Initial Studies on Insects Succession on Carrion in Southwestern British Columbia. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 41 617-625 Brown, G. , Fuke, C. , Pounder, D. J. , Robertson, L. and Sadler, D. W. (1997). Barbiturates and Analgesics in Calliphora vicina Larvae. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 42(3) 481-485 Byrd, J. H. and Castner, J. L. (2001). Forensic Entomology The Utility of Arthropods in Legal Investigations. CRC Press Boca Raton, FL Definis- Gojanovic, M. , Britvic, D. , Kokan, B. , and Sutlovic, D. (2007). Drug Analysis in Necrophagous Flies and Human Tissues. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol, 58 313-316 George. K. A. , Archer, M. S. , Green, L. M. , Conlan, X. A. , and Toop, T. (2009).Effect of morphine on the growth rate of Calliphora stygia (Fabricus) (Diptera Calliphoridae) and possible implications for forensic entomology. Forensic Science International (Online), 193(1) 21-25 Gennard, D. E. (2007). Forensic Entomology An Introduction. Wiley England Goff, M. L . and Lord, W. D. (1994). Entomotoxicology A new area for forensic investigation. American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, 1551-57 Grisales, D. , Ruiz, M. , and Villegas, S. (2010). Insects associated with exposed decomposing bodies in the Colombian Andean Coffee Region.Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 54(4) 637-644 Henssge, C. B. , Knight, B. , Krompecher, T. , Madea, B. , and Nokes, L. (1995). The estimation of the time since death in the early postmortem period. Arnold London Lord, W. D. (1990). causa histories of the use of insects in investigations. In Entomology and death A procedural guide, ed. E. P. , Catts and N. H, Haskell. Clemson, SC Joyces Print Shop, 9-37 Monthei, D. R. (2009). Entomotoxicological and Thermal Factors Affecting the Development of Forensically Important Flies.Virginia engineering school Institute and State University, Virginia Nolte, K. B. , Lord, W. D. , and Pinder, R. D. (1992). Insect Larvae Used to Detect Cocaine Poisoning in a Decom posed Body. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 37(4) 1179-1185 Sharanowski, B. J. , Walker, E. G. , and Anderson, G. S. (2008). Insect succession and decomposition patterns on shaded and sunlit carrion in Saskatchewan in three different seasons. Forensic Science International, 179 219-240 Stripp, R. A. (2007). Drugs of Abuse. The Forensic Aspects of Poisons. Chelsea House New York

Wednesday, May 22, 2019

Dillemas of social control Essay

Everybody envisions a safer give and a peaceful state. However, recent events in the 21st century have extremely instilled awe and doubt to the multitude of the world. At present, it seems that the world has turned back to the dark ages of barbarians gambit of annihilation and it is challenged by mad men of jumbled beliefs and distorted ideals. Thus, it is no wonder that our everyday spankings are confronted with the paranoia of deceit. Basically, the aging society is currently manifesting its senile nature which is represented by men who wander in its fragile state.These men who make the society senile and fragile are characterized by greed and dogmatic ideologies that have resulted in human carnage, famine, and plagues of war. One wonders, what does it would narrow for the goernment to sanctify the protection of its quite a little? Do the people desire to be protected or are they the ones who protect? These questions are profoundly manifested in the long debates of legislati ons specifically on counter-terrorism. Fortunately, there are still a few good men in pursuit of a better and safer place and a peaceful state.In this regard, this paper ordain focus on Americas everyday policies that addresses the trauma and torments of terrorism that shocked America in the 9/11 tragedy. In addition, the paper will also discuss how the judicature activitys of the world interact with the foreign insurance on counter-terrorism and how the implementation of such a policy would affect the way of conduct. The overall discussion of this paper will use a two-prong approach by discussing selective literatures and apply the ethical parameters of Clark Cochran, Lawrence Mayer, T. Carr and N.Joseph Cayer in their book, Ameri squirt ordinary Policy An Introduction. Literature Review The post 9/11 tragedy is a move challenge to American people that seeks justice and determination of further knowing the treacherous powers that be. It is not only America that suffers the t rauma of the human carnage of the 9/11 tragedy further all of the allied governments and United Nations members as well. The political experts, policy makers, and various intelligence agencies perceive terrorism as a social ill and more than just a phenomenon.It is also evident that the ultimate target of terrorists is the United States, being the worlds most powerful country, and this was proven during the 9/11 attacks. Moreover, the threats of terrorism beset the US homeland defense and crosses international b ensnares to implement defense strategies with allied countries that are also potential targets of terrorist attacks. In short, terrorism can truly be considered a serious global threat. According to the report of the US National Counterterrorism Center (USNCC), approximately 14,000 terrorist attacks occurred in various countries during 2006 and resulted in over 20,000 deaths.As compared to 2005, attacks in 2006 rose by 3,000 (a 25% increase) while the death toll rose by 5, 800 (a 40% increase), which was also the case last twelvemonth and was by far the largest number of terrorist incidents that occurred in the near East and South Asia. In addition, the USNCC (2007) disclosed that the two regions of East and South Asia were the locations of 90% of the nearly three hundred high-casualty attacks in 2006 that killed ten or more people while only a total of five high-casualty attacks occurred in Europe-Eurasia, East Asia-Pacific and the Western Hemisphere (USNCC, 2007).The interrogation paper of Rohan Gunaratna of the International Centre for Political Violence and Terrorism Research (ICPVTR) in 2006 has reported expanded terrorists bailiwicks across the world. Based on his report, stem and Taliban camps in Afghanistan trained between 70,000 and 120,000 Muslim youths to fight in the Philippines (Mindanao province), Indonesia (Maluku and Poso provinces), Myanmar, China (Xinjiang province), Kashmir, Bosnia, Kosovo, Chechnya, Dagestan, Nagorno-Karabakh, A lgeria, Egypt, Jordan, Yemen and other countries.It is clear that the expansive mode of the terrorists pose risk and threats to Southeast Asian countries. In addition, the carnage of terrorism would plunge the poor countries into insurmountable human casualties and ultimately result in the devastation of their economies. It may be then comprehend that al-Qaeda is being condoned by its Islamic cohorts that could greatly influence the vast Muslim communities around the world. These perceptions attri barelye to the alarming concern of imminent danger that al-Qaeda which could continuously conduct its terrorist assaults basedon its political-Islamist-religious platform of Jihad (holy war).Stages of Policy Analysis The Framing of a National Policy Turning our grief into courage is a credo that fundamentally calls for national recovery amidst terrorist threats that has enabled the Americans to overcome their grief and become courageous to surpass the inimical challenge. Indeed, America turned its grief into courage as manifested in condemning the ultimate cohort of terrorism in the US war in Iraq. The Iraq war has highlighted the USs capabilities to disarm Saddam Husseins weapons of plenteousness destruction and liberate the people from the tyrannical regime and set a new Iraqi government.The US government has realigned its governmental functions to respond to its vulnerability to the continuing threat of terrorism and shared its burdens with allied governments. The framing of the national policy for an efficient homeland defense constitution has paved the way for the mandate of the recognition Reform and terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 (IRTPA ), which an act to reform the intelligence operational framework for efficient capability.According to Terri Everrets paper, Procuring the Future 21st hundred IC Acquisition, in January 8th 2008, IRTPA yielded a strategic defense program through the Office of the Director of the National Intelligence (ODNI). The main p urpose of the ODNI program, tally to Everret, is to avert conflict and preserve peace while specifically focusing on (1) military, (2) proliferation, (3) foreign policy, (4) economics, (5) terrorism, narcotics, international organized offenses, (6) technology, and (7) regional conflict.Furthermore, the ODNI program empowers the IRTPA to support the picture of US Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) of 2007 which modernized the National economic programs for Fiscal Year 2008. The overall representation of this development supports the US Counterintelligence scheme of 2007 basically empowers the homeland defense system. Defining of a Policy From the previous discussions of issues as presented with a brief review of literatures and statistical data, it has been cited that the need of the US government and its people is to materialize and put into national perspective the countrys security.In this aspect, the effectiveness, applicability, and efficiency to enact the US securi ty and defense policy will be examined through the plan and ethical parameters based on the book, American Public Policy An Introduction. i) According to the American Public Policy An Introduction, the epitome of a policy requires the interpretation and examination of the fundamental disposes and rationale to enact a policy. Based on the book, policy analysis is not value neutral but wants to discover the significance and importance to public values.In short, public policy is characterized by objectivity of reasoning and intention for a public interest. Furthermore, accord to Cochran, et. al, a public policy must be dealt with classifications of purposes, types, and goods. In other words, the objectivity and rationality are combined factors that exemplify the importance, adequacy, applicability, and affectivity of the public policy to the life of the people and well-being of the state.This analysis also coincides and adheres to the moral and social values. In this regard, one e xercise is the threat on terrorism to American people which does not only address the enactment of IRTPA and other programs on State security but also embraces all forms of terrorism-related violence occurring within a domestic landing field that may be inflicted by a common crime or street crime, which is commonly called community crimes.ii) The classification of the policy is mainly to deter crime and enact on crime through imposing the punishment or penalty as provided by the rules of court and the due process of law. Another example of terrorism-related violence is the magnitude or scope of implication or damage by size and by number of casualties within household or community, curiously when children and women are the victims of crimes.These also include multiple murders with mutilation of the bodies, rape, burglary and arson, which are also considered as heinous crimes. It may be interpreted from the point of view of securing the state that the accompanying enactment of the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2007, the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) of 2007, and the Counterintelligence Strategy of 2007, focuses on counter-terrorism.On the other hand, the enactment of the National Strategy for Homeland Security of 2007 embodies and embraces all of the provisions from previous policy enactments, which could be interpreted as reinvented covers and coherent enforcements within the domestic system of governance and national policy environment. In short, the scope of the applicability the National Strategy for Homeland Security of 2007 addresses the framework policy. Defining the Ethical Parameters Classification and nominate for a Safer and placid Statei) Classifying a public policy in a category of securing the public is being moldd by the magnitude of application to preserving peace and order. Based on the book, American Public Policy An Introduction, the enactment of a security policy would secure the interstate (domest ic) and intrastate (foreign community) subject fields from the common crimes connected by the citizens of the state and the vulnerability of the state from external attacks being specifically characterized by terrorists.Moreover, according to the book, the underlying claim on which classification of a public policy is relevant for the serious deficiencies in the ability of federal law enforcement authorities to recognize and respond to terrorist threats which is primarily due to the fact that individuals are a good deal labeled suspicious on the basis of ideological, rather than behavioral grounds. It is evident that the classification of a policy to protect and secure the public would likewise define where and whom the policy should cover.ii) The purpose is the deliberate intention of a policy to objectively address the circumstance or phenomenon affecting the well-being of the state in order to preserve the interest of the people. In this case, the interest of the people to liv e in a better, safer, and peaceful world is being threatened by terrorism. The purpose to live in a better, safer and peaceful state has deliberately and intentionally emanated from the rationale of the government to enact a policy that defines the purpose to protect, preserve, and uphold the sovereignty of people against forces of destruction.According to US President George Bush, the purpose of enacting the US Homeland defense system is aligned with the interstate and intrastate security strategies and is a shared state across the entire nation that has been developed for national culture preparedness of the local tribal state and federal governments and crosses international borders for collaborating secured international communities. Perspectives of A Safer and Peaceful State i) Based on Cochran, et.als book, enacting a public policy must be determined by the type of application and the goods it would sway to people and society. The community represented by families must enjoy a safer and peaceful life to manifest a better living condition categorized by abundance and prosperity. From this statement, the book upgrades a liberating concept of a safer and peaceful state reflective of a crime-free community and is being protected by a public policy that promulgates crime sanctions and the imposition of punishments upon committing a crime.The implementation of the US Homeland defense system, through various policies or State Acts antecedently discussed in this paper, point out the perspective of a safer and peaceful state, and wholly emphasize a call for national recovery in socio-economic-political aspect. This is also relate to the efforts of the state to secure the lives of the people as well as to preserve the economic resources which could make the world a safer and better place to live in. ii) Cochrans, et. al.concept and ethical parameters applies in the overall perspectives of the US policy and State Acts for a safer place and peaceful state. In ad dition, perspectives in the point of view of interstate (domestic) domain protection on combating vulnerability and preempting terrorist aggression from intrastate (foreign) domain can be applied. The US Homeland defense system could be a rampart that shields the American community from terrorism, and while having that shield, the US manages to enforce its strategies in its counter-terrorism efforts across borders.Furthermore Based on Cochran et. als book, a policy flows from analysis which is not value neutral but wants to discover the significance and importance to public values. Therefore, the US Homeland defense system has enabled an interstate (domestic) and intrastate (foreign) policy that defines the importance of the public values, which affirms and represents the various concept and ethical parameters stated in the book, American Public Policy An Introduction. ConclusionIt is safe to say that the US government made a safer place for the American people, as manifested by it s empowerment of Homeland defense and attainment of security measures. However, the militarism aspect in countering terrorism has in some manner inflicted a wound on the flesh of sovereign people. In this connection, it can be perceived that it is also important to rectify the human errors committed in enforcing counter-terrorism measures that add the cost of human toll. The US security policy from its interstate and intrastate scope has its dimensional perspective in achieving a better place.In addition, the sharing of responsibility and burdens amongst nations could be the pursuance of a world order. The creation and execution of the security and defense policies basically represents conceptual frameworks and ethics presented in the book, American Public Policy An Introduction. However, it is not clear how the realities of implementation could be measured based on the lives of people in international communities. Furthermore, a safer place is perceived as a continuing perseveranc e in enacting state policies. It is also the moral basis of the existing policies.In short, public policy that can promote a peaceful State is a policy that may genuinely harness the defense and security of people and the State itself. Works Cited Cochran, Mayer, Carr and Cayer. American Public Policy An Introduction. 2006. Thompson/Wadsworth Publishing, 8th Edition. ISBN 0-534-60163-4. Rohan Gunaratna. Terrorism in Southeast Asia Threat and Response. 2006. Center for Eurasian Policy Occassional Research Paper, Series II (Islamism in Southeast Asia), No. 1. , Hudson Institute. 17 bump into 2008 from http//www. hudson.org/files/pdf_upload/terrorismPDF. pdf. Terri Everett. Procuring the Future 21st Century IC Acquisition. (2008). DNI Senior Procurement Executive, Office of the Director of National Intelligence. 17 March 2008 from http//www. fas. org/irp/dni/everett. ppt. US Department of State. National Strategy for Homeland Security. 2007. Retrieved 17 March 2008 from http//www. st ate. gov/journals/. US National Counterterrorism Center. Report on Terrorist Incidents-2006. (2007). Retrieved 17 March 2008 from http//www. wits. nctc. gov/reports/crot2006nctcannexfinal. pdf.

Tuesday, May 21, 2019

Women Are Still Treated as Second Class Citizens

Plan For A evolvest Same billets, paid less Able to do any jobs, just non cut-throat Traditional Can do more jobs than before S&S Higher jobs dominated by custody Hard for men to be accepted in womens jobs too Old male child net bend Dangers for women Glass ceiling Religion Just want to be interpreted seriously Women rescue first on crashes etc Exam results Stay-at home dads Not stay-at-home-dads as they can earn more cash The Old boy Network? Wrong Frequency For Women. Ladies and Gentlemen I consider that it is time for variegate. Change non just to the pecking order but to opinions as a whole. Read this with an open mind, as I believe that together in unity we can make womens voices heard over the noises of vacuum dry cleaners and screaming children. Is t here any reason for women to still be treated as second-class citizens here in the UK?Do their fingers really wee-wee the magic touch for housework and not hard work? Of course not Everyone knows that wom en ar perceived in this way because of tradition. A tradition that we cannot bequeath not and should not be part of. Just because women used to commence to stay at home and cipher after children, or men did all of the dangerous jobs why should that still be the case? Women have undoubtedly proven themselves just as capable, if not more, than men in closely jobs, so why is it still so hard for them to give through that glass ceiling? Many women will have been in the position where a male colleague earns more than them for doing the exact same job. This is unfair handling and should not be condoned.A friend of mine called Annabelle is an excellent banker, the best out her level of the company, in so far she has been repeatedly rejected from a higher positioned job in the company. Each of these times the positions have been granted to a male. A coincidence? I estimate not. She was more highly qualified than these men, and had worked for the company for longer, so why was she o verlooked? Has The Old boy network been on the rampage again? Is it because women occupy plainly 1 in 20 of the top jobs? Will it really come to her loosing her femininity to get the job she really deserves? Women just want to be taken seriously and to get the respect they deserve, yet is seems that most of the time to reach their goals they have to loose friends, and dress or act like men.Why is it harder for women to gain the respect of men than the otherwise way around? In a recent survey only 3 out of 50 women said that they would be prosperous being in control of an pip or group of men, yet 42 out of 50 men said they would be comfortable being in control of women. Others will argue that women ar the ones that are too scared to break out of traditional placements. There are no jobs that only men are allowed to do, it is just that nigh(prenominal) women wont go into these jobs, as the dangers are too high, or the hours will not let them see their families often enough. Wom en are not cut-throat enough. They do not want to trample on concourse on the way to the top, as they do not have that sort of mentality.Most men will go to any extremes to secure their dream job. Women can do many more jobs than purge 50 years ago. Their rights have improved tremendously, and now cannot be discriminated against. It is extremely hard for men to be accepted into predominantly woman-dominated jobs. It is not something against women, just something that is to be expected if any sex is going into the other sexs territory. For example, male nurses are often abused or made discharge rein of because they are not doctors, and women doctors find it hard to be taken seriously by the male doctors. The dangers of some jobs for many women outweigh anything else. Men have the physiques to estrain, resist and persist against tough weather, or heavy objects, it is a biological particular that women are generally weaker than men. In many of the religions now observed in the UK the women are treated worse than the men, yet this is their choice. If they did not agree with it, the women could leave the religion, and be treated as equals in the multi-religion society that is the United Kingdom. There are 20% more stay-at-home-dads than 30 years ago. This shows that the women are free to work, and the men can do all of the traditional female jobs. Many women are not taken on at the higher jobs because of the worry of maternity leave.The companies employing them must hark back of the future and the inevitability that at some point most 30-year-old women will want children. Another main point is that women are saved first, along with children, on sinking ships, or crashes. This means that their lives are stage above mens. The fact that men are not generally the parents who stay at home backs up the argument that men will be more likely to be paid more, whether it is due to a higher position, or a wider range of jobs open to them. Girls have been outshining b oys in the public exams for years now, which shows that they are not only qualified to do the same jobs, but in many cases more qualified.If you think of any type of job that both men and women do, and think of the high-flyers within those jobs you will certainly think of a man. This needs to change. Women will inevitably keep fighting for their rights we will not tire, we will not falter and we will not fail when it comes to getting what we deserve. Dr. James Macaroni of Oxford University told us that women get more punctuate at work due to the pressure and strain of having to constantly work at the same level, whereas men get breaks within their stress when they get promoted. Do we really want to have women constantly put below men? Should women always stay traditional? So, fellow readers, I ask, why not change the pecking order today? Why wait until it is too late?

Monday, May 20, 2019

Politics In Middle East Essay

Promotions of womens rights and empowering women encounter been central components in the search for democracy in the Arab world. The participation of Arab women in the political and economic atomic number 18na remains among the lowest in the world. This is evident from the low percentage of women in parliament, cabinet and the workforce. Many times the women lease been portrayed as veiled, oppressed, and invisible (Sadiki, 2004, 253). This is true in realness though in most cases it is unconstitutional.Sadiki argues that womens participation in political and economic issues in Arab countries is strung-out on the socio-economic and political forces in the history of the coun crusade (Sadiki, 2004, 267). Thus the problem of womens rights is non brooding of Islamic region rather it can be explained by the patriarchal nature of the society. Men have been the ones predominantly reading and interpreting the Quran. This has led to women not being allowed work or socialize publicly. (Sadaki, 2004, 285).The economic and social position of a family also diverge the rights available to a wo art object for instance in Iraq, a wealthy family is more likely to educate its daughters than a poor family. Islamic piety does not relegate the char to a position below the man, rather it points out that she is a twin to the man and promotes inclusiveness in all issues, economic, political and social (Sadiki, 2005, 266). In an interview with Lubabah-ul-Fadh, a Islamic woman activist, Lubahah states that because she is Muslim and Islamist she is free from injustice and despotism. She therefore supports democracy that empowers women economically and politically (Sadiki, 2004, 284). She however is of the view that Muslim womens foremost role is that of being a moral educator for the younger generation to ensure Muslim culture and religion atomic number 18 adhered to. For her, giving up parliamentary positions so women can pursue this remainder is worthwhile (Sadiki, 2004, 284).This illustrates the effect of certain Islamist movements in Arab countries. Different alliances among female Islamists has resulted in little consensus on womens participation in the Islamic Action Front. Western influence has to some degree enhanced prideful form of government activity in Arab countries. The focus on oil in Arab countries has led to sidelining of the issues of women rights as governments try to meet demands for oil and amass wealth for the regime in power. This however has also been used to influence decisions made by Arab country governments for example by placing embargoes on their oil so that conflicts can be resolved (Sadiki 2004, 283). Western influence therefore has not been entirely negative. Positive outcomes of westbound influence accept improvement of family status laws resulting from incumbent governments in Arab countries wanting to show their zeal for reform which has been influenced by multinational pressure.The women in Iraq during Saddam s military dictatorship experienced more human rights freedoms than during the period of scourings Administration Democratic Iraq. The US led occupation therefore has not benefited the struggle for womens rights especially because it favors an extremist interpretation of the constitution. Arab women have been moving forward in the struggle for empowerment. Some of the developments implicate the appointment of more women to parliament in Jordan and Egypt by the Arab government. The United States is working through the MEPI to provide pedagogy on political issues to female political candidates so as to raise the number of women legislators.The Beijing fourth part World Conference in women led to other conferences which aimed at canvassing the recommendations of Beijing conference of a 30 percent quota for women in parliamentary representation. These include the Egyptian women and Democratic transformation and the Jordanian woman and Electoral Law conferences. (Sadiki, 2004, 269). In Tunisia the rigorous push for gender equity in policies led to the launching of councils for women and development to advice government departments regarding policy formulation and also the creation of a Ministry of Women and the Family and a National lookout for Women. (Sadiki, 2004, 283).Participation of women in political and economic so far has not had an effect of changing the policies that are made. It has however helpered to improve childrens welfare, the personal lives and economic power of Arab women. It however has not had untold stir on the political systems of the day in Arab countries and will most likely not have much effect since in most Arab countries the political structure is much(prenominal) that changes in the position of women can be absorbed. This is true for countries like Egypt, Jordan and Morocco where authoritarianism and limited democratic freedoms co-exist.Islamist movements have had a negative impact on the struggle for women empowerment fundame ntalist activists consider womens rights issues and the participation of women in the public to be western and aimed at degrading the morals and culture of traditional Islamic region. Some women activists divulge that the more all-important(prenominal) role of a woman is harboring Islam tradition and so women can until this is achieved give up involvement in political issues (Sadiki, 2004, 285).Religion has had a significant role in shaping the beliefs, policies and behavior of people in the Middle East region. Mecca, Medina and Jerusalem are important points of focus as far as religion is concerned, and also in the case of Jerusalem, a significant center of conflict. The Arab-Israel conflict is not the only witness of in constancy in the region, as evidenced by a history of conflict long forwards the existence of the Jewish state, Israel and also presence of conflict not related to Israel clashes between Iraq and US (Cleveland, 2004, 222-224).The freeing of Britain and France from the Middle East in the 1950s, the formation of the Israel state and the importance of the oil industry all founder greatly to the conflict in the Middle East. As a result, the US became increasingly involved in Middle East issues becoming a great force in the oil industry and a witness of stability. The Soviet Union sought to open new areas for the Cold War and formed alliances with Egypt (under Nasser) and Iraq.These regimes failed to cant on their promises consorting to Arabic despotism and embracing of Islamism among counties like Iraq and Egypt. With the fall of the Soviet Union these countries (Egypt, Algeria, Syria, and Iraq) embraced Arab nationalism. This later on led to Iran-Iraq war invading Kuwait and in the 1990s and the US intervened by evicting Iraq from Kuwait with the help of allies like Egypt and Saudi Arabia leading to US military occupation of the Persian Gulf, a source of great offence to Muslims. (Lewis, 2005, 2-5).The current situation is one that is of continued conflicts especially Arab-Israeli conflict. Anti western regimes in Arab countries seek to destroy Israel, and defeat the US. The portions of land given to the Jews after World War II are surrounded by Muslim countries, this land and other portions that have been taken over by Israel during wars against Arab countries have continued to fuel the conflict between Palestinians and Israeli. East Jerusalem is a part of Israel, considered holy for Muslims. Palestinians see Israelis as invaders of their nation as such they have built a military network that attacks aboveboard Israeli civilians.Israelis protect themselves from these attacks by using military force to control Palestinians, these involves having checkpoints for Palestinians between cities. Most of the peeing supply is controlled by Israelis who give Palestinians little access to water compared to their needs increasing the humiliation and signified of abuse felt by the Palestinians. (Cleveland, 2004, 22-224). Attacks by Israeli soldiers has led to destruction of much of the Palestinian government because of destruction of records, equipment, electricity supplies, roads, electricity supplies and other infrastructure. The continued construction of settlements in Palestinian territory is seen as a reason for further increase in conflict between Israel and Palestine, ruining any chances of ease in the region. (Lewis, 2005, pp2, 3).Demands of Palestinians that Palestinian refugees be allowed to have their land back have not been solvable because if Palestinians reoccupy their land, Israel as a Jewish state will end because Israel then would have more Palestinians than Israelis. As such this is not an option Israelis want to consider. Both Palestinians and Jews have been forced to live in exile at some point in their histories. The Jews have faced much persecution wile many Palestinians are misapply by depots of the Middle East who have their own narrow domestic agenda.Western foreign policy , a strong Israel state and a decline in the stabilities of nations with unfriendly regimes have maintained the conflict in the Middle East. The conflict in the region is likely to continue mainly because of the nature of leadership. Despotism and peremptory rule have become part of the system so much that this remains a major(ip) obstacle to development of democratic institutions that would be more inclined to control and stop the conflict (Lewis 2005, 2-3).The schooling revolution is also destined to affect the present situation in the Middle East. The availability of entropy from various media influences the security dynamics. Television programs have been known to propagate untrue information that leads to escalation of conflict, but television receiver has also allowed the people of Middle East to see vibrant democracies in action (like in Israel) which is inaudible of in most Arab countries. This increases the likelihood for people to push for and embrace democracy that a llows uninhibited disagreement and contrast of ideas in an orderly manner.Pressure from the international community for political reform is likely to increase stability in the region leading to more demands of equitable distribution of resources. Political reform is slow with a greater focus on liberalization rather than democratization since liberalization allows more openness and backchat while the government of the day retains power (Benched and Byman, 2003, pp55).Slow political reform is more likely to maintain stability compared to rapid political reform. However, if the reforms do not continue at a steady yard frustrations by the people are more likely to increase causing conflict that could even lead to regimes being overthrown (Bensahel and Byman, 2003, pp55).Works CitedLewis B, 2005 Freedom and Justice in the Modern Middle East, council on Foreign personal business retrieved from www.foreignaffirs.org/20050511faessay84305.p50/bernard-lewis/freedom-and-justice-in -the-mo dern-midle-east.htmlCleveland WL 2004 A history of he Modern Middle East, 3rd Ed Westview Press ISBN 0-8133-4048-9 pp 222-255Sadiki L 2005 The await for Arab Democracy, Columbia University Press ISBN 023112581XBensabel N and Byman D, 2003 The Future Security Environment In The Middle East Conflict, stability and Political Change, RAND Corporation ISBN 0-83303290-9

Sunday, May 19, 2019

Analyzing Barnes & Noble.com

The Barnes & no(prenominal)le online store www. bn. com was launched in prove 1997. Among its primary strengths is its offline component the Barnes & fearful, Inc. which is a leading publisher and retailer involved in selling trade bulks, mass commercialize paperbacks, childrens books, bargain books, magazines, melody and movies. The big line of descent of this online channel is largely attributed to its offline counterpart. An new(prenominal) strength that Barnes & majestic. com has is its purchase of SparkNotes. com.This web internet site is considered as the worlds largest educational site which provides access to thousands of study guides on various poems, short stories, novels, and other literary pieces. When Barnes & Noble bought SparksNotes in 2001, the educational site already had six million registered implementrs. This number is unceasingly increasing and this increase widens the food mart reach of Barnes & Noble. com. Apart from SparkNotes, Barnes & Noble. com is similarly affiliated with the Barnes & Noble University.The university offers free courses and its students are capableness targets which screw be reached through with(predicate) the direct introduction and promotion of the online store and its convergences. some other profit of Barnes & Noble. com is its acquisition of an online electronic book retailer Fictionwise. Fictionwise allows the online store to penetrate the e-book market and effectively compete with Amazon. com (its flowering competitor) in distributing digital copies of books and other content. Before, the prime problem of the site was that it was not as user-friendly as Amazon. com.Fortunately, that has been resolved by changing the sites attention team. Now, the major weakness that Barnes & Noble. com has is the fact that it is quiet not as popular as Amazon. com. When it started its operation in 1997, Amazon was already two geezerhood ahead in operation and it has already built a very big market of r egistered users in its database. In 1999, it was noted that Barnes & Noble. com scarce had 1. 8 million names while Amazon had 8. 4 million. Another weakness is the fact that its product prices are not as competitive with Amazon especially when it comes to e-books.Amazon also has bigger storage capacities for its products and this enables them to provide services and ship their products very quickly. Fortunately, its recent affiliations with SparkNotes and Fictionwise pose many opportunities. Barnes & Noble. com management speculates that Fictionwise can help the beau monde significantly reduce its marketing price in e-books. Moreover, the acquisition of SparkNotes increases the market database of Barnes & Noble. com by millions. The company can also utilize its nationwide stores as marketing venues which already subscribe to access to millions of Barnes & Noble customers.It can also foster affiliations with other online companies in order to expand its market reach and increas e probabilities for future innovations. As for the threats, Barnes & Noble still faces challenges from Amazon. com, as well as other book sellers which adapted the Amazon concept of online retail. This includes Blackwell Synergy, Books-A-Million, and Powells Books. If these companies would merge to launch a new online program library and book retailer, Barnes & Noble. com might have suffer from fierce competition. A leader in the industryBarnes & Noble. com is considered as a leader in the online bookselling as it offers a wide selection of in-stock inventory three million from the companys online catalogue and another thirty million listings from other book dealers of in-print books which may be new, rare, used, or out-of print. In appendix to that, the website is also leading in the electronic books and publishing industry. The site has almost 5,000 e-book titles which can be purchased and readily downloaded from the site to any personal computer, laptop, or pocket PC.With its rapid expansion and hold fast with various online companies, Barnes & Noble predicts that it wont be long before their site would offer digital companies of all of the companys book titles. Barnes & Noble. com is also leading in the music commerce. Recently, Forbes. com voted the website as the No. 1 music site. The music store of Barnes & Noble. com has been credited for offering not just great music of jazz, world music or Broadway. Instead, it also achieved recognition for its extensive and interesting editorial features for people who pauperism to know more about the music that they are buying.Barnes & Noble. coms mastery is best demonstrated in its revenues. Based on the company records, the sales of this online channel have steadily increased in the olden few years. In 2006, its sales reached $433 million for the total year. In 2007, the sales were up to $477 million for the full year exhibiting about 13. 4% increase as compared to 2006. The revenue model of the E-commer ce site Barnes & Noble. com is patterned later Amazon. coms web catalog revenue model. Like other booksellers, Barnes & Noble.com get their revenues when customers choose from the on-site product catalogs and buy through the site. The orders can be placed and paid through the automated ordering forms and shop cart of the website. Whats good about this model is the fact that it acts as an online extension of the companys nationwide stores for its in-print products. Since the model is implemented at an online level, the revenue generation becomes more effective as potential customers can access the site, view their choices, and buy products anytime that they want to.Although there are other methods of earning which Barnes & Noble. com can use (i. e. advertising through editorial content and ad spaces), such must be utilized only at a minimal level in order to avoid comprising the sites book selling and promotion process. Marketing on the web Barnes & Noble. com tries aims to appeal t o the general audience. To attract the target market and maintain a great share of loyal customers, the company employs various promotional methods both offline and online. Offline, www. bn.com is introduced through the stores of Barnes & Noble. It is also popularized through the Barnes & Noble Membership Program which offers bonuss to shoppers of the companys products online and offline. The most beneficial incentive is the discounts which range from ten to ninety percent. The marketing campaign of Barnes & Noble. com is a lot more aggressive. Foremost of these is the promotional mailing. The online book retailer attempts to pitch various book clubs including the 5. 5 million members of the Bertlesmann.In addition to that, they have conjugated their physical stores to their site. Included in their previous strategy was to provide incentives for customers who give away their e-mail addresses to them. through with(predicate) their university, Barnes & Noble gains access to the e-m ail addresses of students as well. The e-mails are then supplied with promotional offers, flyers, brochures, newsletters and product catalogs. In addition to this, the online book seller is promoted through advertorials and advertisements in Yahoo. In 2000, Barnes & Noble.com initiated a partnership with Yahoo. As a result, the site became the premier book seller that is featured in the Yahoo directory. The site was also the featured merchandiser on Yahoo Shopping. Moreover, graphic links of Barnes & Noble. com were presented in every search result page and in all the book category pages of Yahoo. Conclusion Barnes & Noble. com has achieved its position as a leading online bookseller through its made acquisition, affiliations and merging with other online companies such as Yahoo, SparkNotes, Spinway, and FictionWise.Moreover, a great part of its success must also be attributed to the fact that it has a big inventory of books (in-print and e-books), magazines, and CDs and DVDs of v arious music and movies. The online book seller also has an efficient marketing campaign online and offline through Yahoo. com, Barnes & Noble physical stores, and through its aggressive promotional mailings distributed generally via book clubs and the Barnes & Noble University. Barnes & Noble. coms success is best demonstrated in its continuously increasing revenues for the olden few years.Furthermore, this success is seen in its rapid expansion and continuously increasing inventory. To keep up with this success and the fierce competition with Amazon. com, the online company should make sure that it can keep up with the new innovations in marketing, new methods in presenting online product catalogs, and more efficient processes in shipping their products. It should also increase its inventory storage capacity through the acquisition of more warehouses. References Barnes & Noble (2008). Barnes & Noble twinge Release Barnes & Noble Reports 2007 Year-End Sales, Released 03-03-200 8.Retrieved 03-15-2009 from http//www. barnesandnobleinc. com/newsroom/press_releases_list. html Danielle Belopotosky (2009). E-Book Seller Fictionwise Bought by Barnes & Noble. Published 03-05-2009 in New York Times Online. Retrieved 03-15-2009 from http//gadgetwise. blogs. nytimes. com/2009/03/05/e-book-seller-fictionwise-bought-buy-barnes-noble/ Gale Group (2007). Barnes & Noble Reports Preliminary 2006 Results Issues First Quarter 2007 Guidance. Published 03-22-2007 in Business Wire, The Free Library. Retrieved 03-15-2009 from http//www. thefreelibrary.com/Business+Wire/2007/March/22-p53 Larry Light (1999). Barnes & Nobles New Battle Plan for the Cyberbook War. Published 07-07-1999 in Business Week Online. Retrieved 03-15-2009 from http//www. businessweek. com/bwdaily/dnflash/july1999/nf90707a. htm Yahoo. (2000). Yahoo Press Release Barnes & Noble Announces Availability Of Free Unlimited Internet Service CDs At Stores Nationwide, Released October 16, 2000. Retrieved 03-15-2009 f rom http//yhoo. client. shareholder. com/releasedetail. cfm? sh_print=yes&releaseid=173692 Barnes & Noble Website http//www. barnesandnobleinc. com